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Suishinshi Masahide

正秀

Jūyō
Vol. 17, No. 276 · Katana

Suishinshi Masahide

正秀

28 ranked works

ProvinceMusashiEraTenmei (1781–1789)PeriodEdoSchoolSuishinshi MasahideTraditionShinshintoGeneration1stFujishiroSai-jo saku(Supreme Work)Toko Taikan850(top 11%)TypeSwordsmithCodeMAS102
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
3Gyobutsu
24Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Suishinshi Masahide was born Kawabe Gihachirō in 'en 3 (1750) at Akayu in Dewa, signed first as Suzuki Takahide and then Eikoku, studied under the Shitahara smith Yoshihide of , took the name Masahide in An'ei 3, served the Akimoto house of , and later moved to Hamachō in , where he died in Bunsei 8 at the age of seventy-six after a working career of nearly fifty years. He is the founding father of the and the theorist of the revival-sword (fukko-tō) movement, the doctrine that all swords ought to return to the models. The figure who matters most in that story is the one he taught: among his many disciples stood Naotane, who gave the revival theory its actual form, and the future second Masayoshi, Hosokawa Morihide. The published sources are unusually candid about where Masahide's own gift lay, and it was not in the theory he is remembered for proclaiming.

His characteristic hand is the Ōsaka-, the work he made up through his prime in private emulation of the Ōsaka masters, and the published sources call these his finest pieces. Over a tightly packed that often tightens toward a plain, near-grainless surface, with thick , he sets the surging tōran-midare of Tsuda Sukehiro, a large billowing like waves and usually opening from a long straight , entering, the deep and the bright. The other Ōsaka idiom he commands is a and broad after Inoue Shinkai and Naokai, deep in with well-adhering , and on rare occasion a manner recalling Ikkanshi Tadatsuna. The tell that betrays his hand even on his best copies is constant: a blackish, coarse-grained that spills from within the down into the . The names it on one Shinkai-target blade as a typical example of his manner in this approach, 「彼の手癖が見られる」 ("his habitual hand is revealed"), and on a Sukehiro tōran as 「これにもその手癖が示された典型的な一口」 ("a typical piece in which this habitual hand of his is shown").

The is the steady foundation of all this. It is a , finely and closely forged, frequently approaching a -like plainness, with that adheres well and, in places, somewhat clustered. The published sources praise the steel as beautiful and clear, then immediately qualify it: of his Shinkai copy they write that, fine as the is, 「黒ずんだ荒汸がつき」 ("a darkened, coarse attaches"), running 「めくらがねに近く」 ("close to mekura-gane"), the blind steel in which the does not readily appear. Over that the temper carries deep and well-adhering , often coarse, and the runs straight to a , sometimes deeply tempered and rounded, occasionally with a single -. A genuine reflection is not part of his repertoire: a is named on only one early piece, not the reliable revived his pupil would later set on the .

His record divides cleanly into two phases, and the sources let the division speak. The earlier, the Ōsaka copies, they call his strongest; the later, the fukko-tō revival of his theory years, they treat more soberly. His - is consistently shallow-tempered, a mixed with and the occasional pointed element, on one blade taking a boxed, -like with -like elements and slight . His Sōshū-den, signalled by the homage in which he styled himself "Gorō Masahide" after Gorō Masamune, runs a with over a flowing, slightly standing , entering. The honest period mark runs through all of it, for the line is never the pure of the old but carries coarse throughout. Of one Sukehiro copy a judge writes that, between the early Ōsaka work and the later revival, 「出来はむしろ前者に佳作を見る」 ("in quality the finer pieces are rather to be found among the former"). His signed and dated blades, cut in both block and cursive script and varying considerably from year to year, make him among the most exactly knowable of the masters.

What sets him apart is therefore not a problem but a candid place in the line. He is the teacher at the head of the revival, and the published sources do not flatter that role: of his and work they write plainly that 「その技は弟子の大慶直胤に及ばない」 ("his technical skill did not reach that of his disciple Naotane"). His distinction lies elsewhere, in the bright, surging tōran and the broad Shinkai of his prime, and in the coarse spilling by which a connoisseur reads his hand behind even a close Ōsaka copy. His finest copies come so near the originals that the records them as 「殆んど本科に迫るものがある」 ("all but reaching the original models"), one Tenmei piece called 「いわゆる大坂写しの僑出の一口」 ("an outstanding example of the so-called Ōsaka copy"). It is the precision of these copies, more than the theory, that the published record honours.

For the collector Masahide is a signed and dated open book rather than an attribution puzzle. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through the rank and the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, with twenty-four blades in the tier among some twenty-five designated works on the published record, all of them signed and dated across the An'ei to Bunka years. Provenance is recorded for only a few: one Jūyō Bijutsuhin of Kyōwa 3 passed through the Imperial Family and the Imperial Household before the Shiga Mutual Aid Association, and his domain service ties him to the Akimoto family of . The published commentary singles out his masterpieces by name, an early Tenmei it calls 「いわゆる大坂写しの僑出の一口」 and a rare with gold-inlaid dragon poems it ranks 「同作中の優品」 ("a superior piece among his works"); his uncommon collaborations with disciples, jointly signed with the tenth-generation Sendai Kunikane and with Hosokawa Morihide, it prizes as study material. Because he was prolific and entirely signed, a Masahide is not beyond reach as the great names are. A signed, dated example of his Ōsaka manner appears at the higher tiers from time to time, and to acquire one is to hold a document of the moment swordmaking turned back toward the old models, in the hand of the man who turned it.

Kantei

one signed revival hand read across two phases the sources themselves separate: his prime Osaka-utsushi, a surging toran-midare of large gunome after Tsuda Sukehiro or a suguha after Inoue Shinkai, over a tight ko-itame tending muji-like, the coarse nie spilling into the ji his constant tell; and his later, theory-driven fukko-to, a shallow-tempered Bizen-den choji and a Soshu-den, which the sources judge weaker than his disciple Naotane's

Suishinshi Masahide is the founding father of the and the theorist of the revival-sword (fukko-to) movement, born 'en 3 in Akayu of Dewa, common name Kawabe Gihachiro, clan Fujiwara; he first signed Suzuki Takahide and Eikoku and studied under the Shitahara smith Yoshihide of , is said also to have entered the school of Tsunahiro, took the name Masahide in An'ei 3, served the Akimoto house of and later moved to Hamacho in , trained many disciples ( Naotane and the future second Masayoshi Hosokawa Morihide among them), left numerous writings, and died in Bunsei 8 at seventy-six after a career of some fifty years. His record divides cleanly in two, and the published sources are candid that the earlier face is the stronger. Up through his prime, in the Tenmei, Kansei and Kyowa years, he privately admired the Osaka masters and forged what the sources call Osaka-: a tightly packed tending -like, with thick , over which he set Tsuda Sukehiro's surging toran- of large , or a -based temper after Inoue Shinkai and Naokai, the deep and the bright. The honest tell that betrays his hand even here is coarse, blackish spilling from the down into the , what the sources call his habitual manner. In his later years he advocated the fukko-to theory, that all swords should return to the models, and worked the traditions, - with a shallow-tempered and -; but the sources record plainly that in technical skill his revival work did not surpass that of his disciple Naotane, and that his finest pieces are rather the early Osaka copies. Being entirely a signed smith working in , long-signed and , the question is not his attribution but his place as the teacher who began the whole .

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs his later fukko-to Bizen-den (shallow choji, no toran)

unique vs the Osaka originals (Sukehiro / Shinkai, clean ji)

Observation by phase

The Osaka-utsushi (his forte: Sukehiro toran and Shinkai suguha)

His recognized forte, and what the published sources call his finest period, is the work he made up through his prime in private emulation of the Osaka masters, the so-called Osaka-. The shape is a wide , the shallow, the tending to an elongated form, a tendency to scant the sources name as a point of difference from the originals. The ground is a well-packed that often tightens toward a plain -like surface, with thick . Over it he sets either Tsuda Sukehiro's surging toran-, a large- temper billowing like waves, often beginning with a long , entering, the deep, and coarser adhering, the bright and clear; or else a and -toned temper after Inoue Shinkai and Inoue Naokai, deep in with well-adhering , on rare occasion an Ikkanshi Tadatsuna manner. The runs straight to a , sometimes deeply tempered and rounded, occasionally with a -. The constant tell, present even on his best Osaka copies, is the blackish, coarse-grained that spills from within the down into the , what the sources repeatedly name his habitual hand (tekuse). The carving, where present, can approach Tadatsuna's, with , and .

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The fukko-to revival (later: shallow-tempered Bizen-den and Soshu-den)

The later face of his record is the revival-sword (fukko-to) work he turned to in his late years, when he advocated the theory that all swords should return to the models and applied himself to the traditions. His - is consistently shallow-tempered, a mixed with and the occasional pointed () element, entering, deep in with ; on one piece the temper takes on a boxed, -like with -like elements and slight . His -, modeled on the old masters and signalled by his Goro Masamune homage (he styled himself Goro Masahide), runs a with mixed , the flowing and standing a little, adhering with . Across this revival work the published sources draw the honest period mark: the line is not the pure of the old , for coarse attaches throughout, and they record candidly that in technical skill his revival did not reach that of his disciple Naotane, and that he excelled rather in the earlier Osaka copies. A is named on only a single early piece, not as the reliable reflection his pupil later revived.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record that Masahide advocated the theory of the revival sword (fukko-to), asserting that all swords ought to return to the old Kamakura models, that he attempted the Bizen and Soshu traditions, yet that in technical skill his revival work did not surpass that of his disciple Taikei Naotane; they hold rather that his finest pieces are the earlier works made in private emulation of the Osaka shinto masters.

On a Sukehiro-utsushi the published sources name his habitual hand precisely: within an almost plain, muji-like forging, blackish coarse-grained nie spills from the ha down into the ji, a tell they call a typical example of his manner in this approach.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu3
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken24

Elite Standing

0.10 across 28 designated works

Top 18% among smiths

Provenance

5 documented provenances across certified works by Masahide

Provenance Standing

3 works held in elite collections across 5 documented provenances

Top 18% among smiths

Raw score: 2.11 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 28 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 28 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Masahide
Students (26)
  1. 1.Naotane直胤14 for sale40designated
  2. 2.Akifusa紹房
  3. 3.Akihide紹秀
  4. 4.Akiyoshi紹芳
  5. 5.Akihide昭秀
  6. 6.Akimichi昭道
  7. 7.Akihide秋秀
  8. 8.Arimune有宗
  9. 9.Teruyoshi英吉
  10. 10.Hidekuni秀國1designated
  11. 11.Hiromoto弘元1 for sale
  12. 12.Isshu一秀1 for sale
  13. 13.Kanekura包倉
  14. 14.Kanemitsu包光
  15. 15.Kanetoshi包壽
  16. 16.Kanetoshi包壽
  17. 17.Kanehiro兼廣
  18. 18.Kunihide國秀
  19. 19.Kunihide國秀
  20. 20.Kuniyoshi國良
  21. 21.Masayoshi正義4 for sale2designated
  22. 22.Masanao昌直2designated
  23. 23.Munehide旨秀
  24. 24.Sadahide貞秀
  25. 25.Sadayoshi貞吉
  26. 26.Tsunahide綱英2 for sale1designated

Suishinshi Masahide School

Other artisans of the Suishinshi Masahide school

  1. 1.Naotane直胤14 for sale40designated
  2. 2.Sukemasa助政1 for sale8designated
  3. 3.Jirotaro Naokatsu直勝1 for sale6designated
  4. 4.Masayoshi正義5designated
  5. 5.Masatsugu正次4designated
  6. 6.Tsunatoshi綱俊5 for sale3designated
  7. 7.Masamori正守1 for sale3designated
  8. 8.Masanao昌直2designated
  9. 9.Hidekuni秀國1designated
  10. 10.Naokatsu直勝1designated
  11. 11.Munetsugu宗次1designated
  12. 12.Masayoshi正義4 for sale2designated