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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Osaka Shinto
  3. Kuniteru

Shinto Kuniteru

國輝

Jūyō
Vol. 20, No. 294 · Wakizashi

Shinto Kuniteru

國輝

4 ranked works

ProvinceSettsuEraManji (1658–1661)PeriodEdoSchoolOsaka ShintoTraditionShintoToko Taikan400(top 37%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN1279
4Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Kuniteru, personal name Kobayashi Hayanojo, was the fourth son of the first-generation Kunisuke and a younger brother of the second-generation Kunisuke, the smith called Nakagawachi. The published sources, following the Bengi, record that he received the court title no Daijo in 11, the year 1671, changed it to no Kami in the spring of the following year, and lived until around the Shotoku era of the early eighteenth century. From Genroku 10 to 12 he traveled to Awa province, where he forged signed work whose supplemental inscriptions name the place of making, such as (於阿州徳島作之) at Tokushima and (於阿州椿泊作之) at Tsubaki-domari, inscriptions the published record treats as valuable documentary material.

The hand by which he is known departs in feeling from his elder brother's. Over a densely forged whose gathers in fine, dust-like particles, with delicate entering throughout, he tempered the billowing toran (濤瀾) manner of the Tsuda house, a grand - modeled on the second Tsuda Sukehiro into which further is mixed; the published sources name this as the manner he was best at, in their words 『津田風の濤瀾乱に互の目を交じえた作風を得意とし』. On the representative of Enpo 5 the pattern runs with entering, the deep, thick, a slight drawn through and a bright, clear ; though a , the build is wide in the with a somewhat high and an extended , so that the whole reads as bold and powerful in the Osaka taste. The runs straight into a with a somewhat long return.

Alongside that flamboyant pattern he also worked a quieter manner the published sources set explicitly against his toran specialty, a temper based in and carrying a shallow tendency. On one late it begins with a and rises into a with only slight ; on another it takes a middle tone in which long enter and slant toward the base in the form called Kyo- (京逆足), the reverse of ordinary , a detail the published record singles out as worth noticing. Through both, the forms thickly and the runs especially deep, with and drawn well across the width, and a -like effect around the middle of one blade and a faint near the of the other; the stays bright and clear, and the is tempered rather deeply, becoming somewhat linear before turning back in a , at times with a pointed tendency and a deepish return, finely swept in .

The two manners are read by the published sources not as mere variety but as conscious model. They find the -based to recall Inoue Shinkai in the length and strength of its , its deep and bright clear , writing that it 『正に井上真改の作を髿髄とさせるものがある』, and they observe along the boundary of and the fine activity likened to torn hosho paper that is seen in the second Sukehiro's , so that the blade reads as forged with both masters in mind. The most reliable external mark of his late work is the tang itself: from the Genroku era his take the distinctive gohei-gata (御幣形) form, the tip flaring like the folded paper streamer of a wand, finished as a with large and , and all of his designated blades record it. The published sources note that his skill is understood not in the toran- alone but equally in this quieter domain, observing that 『濤瀾乱れの作柄のみならず、この手の作域に於ても彼の技術の高さが理解される』, and of a more -centered that it is more than usually bold and rich in rustic character, 『常にも増して放胆で野趣に富んだ作柄に仕上げている』. His carving, where it appears, is similarly individual: on that he cut a takemaki-ryu (竹巻龍), a bamboo-wrapped dragon conceived as a in which the bamboo stands for the sword, with an incised Marishi-sonten (摩利支尊天) invocation on the reverse, and the published sources note that this specific composition 『この手の構図は本作以外には未見』, making the blade a precious reference for the study of his .

Kuniteru is a smith the connoisseur meets through his designated blades rather than through prestige, and the record is modest in scale and even in tone. His work stands at four pieces at the level, all signed and none raised higher, which fits a leading late-Osaka hand rather than one of the canonical masters; the Toko Taikan values him at a middle rank among smiths. Provenance, where it survives, is thin, as it usually is for a smith of this period and standing, and no descent or institutional holding can be claimed from his own record; what anchors his pieces instead are the inscriptions themselves, the bold thick-chisel long signature cut toward the , the Awa place-names, and the gohei-gata tang. After the deaths of Inoue Shinkai and the second Sukehiro the published sources describe him as the foremost figure remaining in the Osaka forging world, 『助広・真改の没した後は、大阪鍛刀界の第一人者として重きをなした』. A signed Kuniteru is not a blade that comes often to market, and when one does it is encountered as the work of the smith who held Osaka together after Shinkai and Sukehiro were gone, a robust Genroku blade in the Tsuda manner whose tang alone will tell a careful eye whose hand it is.

Kantei

two manners the published sources draw on a wide, robust Osaka-Shinto build with thick kasane and an extended chu-kissaki: his representative Tsuda-style toran-midare, a grand o-gunome cresting in billows over a tightly forged ko-itame with fine ji-nie, deep nioi, ko-nie and a bright nioiguchi; and a quieter suguha-and-notare manner the texts read as consciously evoking Inoue Shinkai and the second Tsuda Sukehiro, with a suguha yakidashi, long Kyo-saka-ashi, kinsuji and sunagashi and the same bright nioiguchi, the boshi running sugu into a ko-maru with a longish kaeri throughout; from the Genroku era the gohei-gata tang sets his late work apart

Kuniteru, personal name Kobayashi Hayanojo, was the fourth son of the first-generation Kunisuke and a younger brother of the second-generation Kunisuke (Nakagawachi). He received the title Ise no Daijo in Kanbun 11 (1671), changed it to Ise no Kami the following spring, and is recorded in the Shinto Bengi as having lived until around the Shotoku era. Departing in feeling from his elder brother's manner, he made his name in a Tsuda-style toran-midare patterned on the second Tsuda Sukehiro, and after the deaths of Inoue Shinkai and Sukehiro he is described in the reference works as the foremost figure remaining in the Osaka forging world. His tightly forged ko-itame carries fine ji-nie; his temper is deep in nioi with a bright nioiguchi; and from the Genroku era his tangs take a distinctive gohei-gata (ritual-wand) form by which his late work is known. From Genroku 10 to 12 he traveled to Awa province, and signed examples survive recording the place of forging at Tokushima and Tsubaki-domari.

Diagnostic discriminators

25% of his works

100% of his works

25% of his works

Observation by phase

The Tsuda-style toran-midare, his representative manner

the published sources name the Tsuda-style toran-midare, into which gunome is mixed, as the manner he was best known for, and call his bold Enpo-dated wakizashi a representative work of it

The manner the reference works name as his specialty, and the side of his work that departs from his elder brother Kunisuke. Over a densely forged ko-itame with well-adhering ji-nie he tempers a grand o-gunome-midare in the billowing toran style modeled on the second Tsuda Sukehiro, with gunome mixed in; ashi enter, the nioi is deep, ko-nie adheres well, slight sunagashi appears, and the nioiguchi is bright and clear. The boshi runs sugu into a ko-maru, the kaeri somewhat long. The build is bold and powerful even in wakizashi length, with a wide mihaba, somewhat high sori and an extended chu-kissaki.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The suguha-and-notare manner evoking Shinkai and the second Sukehiro

the published sources read his two late katana as departing from the toran domain for which he is known, the Juyo 49 katana said to vividly recall Inoue Shinkai and the Juyo 47 katana to be more than usually bold and rustic; both are cut with the bold thick-chisel long signature over a gohei-gata tang

The quieter side of his work, which the reference works set explicitly against his toran specialty. The temper is suguha-based, carrying a shallow notare tendency, begun on one katana with a suguha yakidashi and on the other in a middle suguha tone; long ashi enter and on the later katana take the form of Kyo-saka-ashi, slanting opposite to the usual saka-ashi. The nioi is especially deep, nie adheres thickly, and kinsuji and sunagashi run throughout, with kuichigai-ba and a yubashiri-like effect appearing around the middle of one blade and a faint muneyaki near the monouchi of the other; the nioiguchi is bright and clear. The published sources read here a current descending from Inoue Shinkai and the second Tsuda Sukehiro, noting along the ji-ha boundary the fine activity likened to torn hosho paper that is seen in the second Sukehiro's suguha. The boshi is tempered rather deeply, becoming somewhat linear before turning back in a ko-maru with hakikake.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The reference works set out his biography from the Shinto Bengi: personal name Kobayashi Hayanojo, fourth son of the first Kunisuke and younger brother of the second, granted Ise no Daijo in Kanbun 11 (1671) and Ise no Kami the following spring, and living until around the Shotoku era; from Genroku 10 to 12 he worked in Awa province.

The published sources read the Juyo 49 katana as vividly recalling Inoue Shinkai in the length and strength of its ashi, its especially deep nioi and bright clear nioiguchi, and observe along the ji-ha boundary the fine activity likened to torn hosho paper that is seen in the second Sukehiro's suguha, inviting the thought that the blade was forged with Shinkai and the second Sukehiro consciously in mind.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken4

Elite Standing

0.02 across 4 designated works

Top 28% among smiths

Blade Forms

Distribution across 4 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 4 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Kuniteru
Student
  1. 1.Kunisuke國助3 for sale9designated

Osaka Shinto School

Other artisans of the Osaka Shinto school

  1. 1.Shinkai真改11 for sale79designated
  2. 2.Tadatsuna忠綱2 for sale53designated
  3. 3.Kanesada包貞9 for sale78designated
  4. 4.Kanesada包貞3 for sale10designated
  5. 5.Kunisuke國助3 for sale9designated
  6. 6.Kuniyasu國康1 for sale7designated
  7. 7.Sadanori貞則3designated
  8. 8.Kunihira國平1designated
  9. 9.Kiho紀峰1designated
  10. 10.Suketaka助隆1 for sale2designated
  11. 11.Kuniteru國輝1designated
  12. 12.Munetsuna宗綱1designated