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  1. Schools
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  3. Kiyondo

Kiyomaro Kiyondo

清人

Jūyō
Vol. 22, No. 324 · Naginata

Kiyomaro Kiyondo

清人

8 ranked works

ProvinceMusashiEraKaei (1848–1854)PeriodMeijiSchoolKiyomaroTraditionShinshintoTeacherKiyomaroFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan400(top 37%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKIY349
8Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Saito Ichiro Kiyondo was born in Bunsei 10 (1827) at Oizumi-sho in the Shonai district of Dewa, the present Atsumi Onsen, into a family said to have kept a hot-spring inn, and in the fourth month of Ka'ei 5 (1852) he went up to , where an introduction by the Shonai-born metalworker Funada Ikkin brought him into the school of Minamoto Kiyomaro. The training lasted only a little more than two years before Kiyomaro took his own life in the eleventh month of Ka'ei 7 (1854), yet the published sources stress that in that short span he learned well and faithfully carried on his teacher's manner. What raised his name beyond the workshop was an act outside the forge: he afterward settled the sword debts his master had left behind, and that episode became the one most often told of him. He set up independently at Kanda Ogawa-cho, received the court title Buzen no Kami in the seventh month of Keio 3 (1867), and when the government prohibited the wearing of swords in Meiji 3 (1870) he gave up the craft and returned home to keep the family inn, dying there in Meiji 34 (1901) at the age of seventy-five. He stands as the most accomplished of Kiyomaro's pupils and the chief carrier of that manner into the final years of the .

The hand by which he is known is the one inherited from his master, a vigorous that is the revival held at full strength. The shape carries it: a wide body with little taper from base to tip, the narrow for the breadth, little , a greatly extended whose is allowed to wither, grand and forceful, what the published record calls the form particular to the Kiyomaro line. Over it the temper is built on a round-headed as its main theme, intermixing , , angular and slightly pointed teeth and --flavored elements, the entering long and vigorously. Thick gathers, in places coarse and uneven, and through the whole run long and conspicuous , and , with -like drifting into the . The turns in with the , the point pointed and brushed with strong , at times returning in a jizo-like sweep. It is a manner with appetite to it, and the sources describe one such blade as a powerful work of carrying forward the master's tradition.

The beneath that edge is an mixed with and a flowing , standing in places so that the surface takes on a faintly hadamono character, over which the attaches thickly, sometimes coarse and gathering unevenly, and enter frequently. The runs deep and is for the most part bright, though on his boldest pieces it can sink toward a subdued tone where the tempering grows assertive and rough in the lower half. The temper sits high on the blade overall, the long sometimes broken by , here and there a rounded where the hardening seems to drop out, with and -like along the . The whole reads as -laden work pushed toward flamboyance rather than restraint, the activity the published sources say stands out all the more the bolder the piece becomes.

Against that inherited mode the sources set a second and quite different manner that they call his own and absent from Kiyomaro, 「清人独特の大和伝の直刃」, a aligned with the Yamato tradition. Here the forging tightens to a well-packed , at times running to a -leaning grain, the fine and the clear, with intermixed; the temper is a , or a -base carrying a slight with small well in, the adhering and the tight and bright, the straight to a with at the tip. Of his earliest dated blade the published sources write that 「この作は清磨の作風とは別に直刃を焼いて地刃の出来が殊に優れている」, that here, apart from Kiyomaro's manner, he has tempered a and the quality of both and is particularly superior. The Keio 3 he forged at Kyoto while traveling up for his appointment, taken by the sources to be 「豊前守を冠した第一作と思われる」, probably his first work bearing the Buzen no Kami title, is in this Yamato . The two manners together are the model by which he is read, the showy and the quiet , with the Kiyomaro lineage shape carried across both.

What distinguishes him is best read through his own work rather than by contrast with his master, for the relation is one of fidelity rather than departure. The blades keep the round-headed , the long , the abundant and the long and that are Kiyomaro's, and the sources measure his success by how nearly he reaches that standard: of one orderly piece they write that the tempering is more even than usual, the steadier, the activity within the richer, a result approaching the master and 「師清麿に迫る出来映えで、清人会心の一口」, a work of his own fulfillment. The Yamato is the manner he holds alone, never worked by Kiyomaro, and it is there that the sources find both and at their most refined in his hand. His tells, then, are the round-headed with its conspicuous and on the one side and the bright Yamato on the other, set within the broad-bodied, large-pointed Kiyomaro silhouette.

The record on which all of this rests is, for a smith of his standing, narrow and uniform: eight blades on record, every one designated , every one signed and in original form, several dated, with no National Treasure or Important Cultural Property among them and no earlier provenance on their tangs. Fujishiro grades him Jo-. The sources reserve their highest words for the Keio 3 dated immediately after his title, which they call 「師清麿に比肩する出来映えを示した清人の相州伝の最高傑作」, the supreme masterpiece in the - manner that demonstrates a level rivaling Kiyomaro himself. Rarer still in interest is the whose tang bears the sacred name Iwai Obahari, the Ame no Ohabari of the Kojiki, and a long chiseled text recording that Kiyomaro had vowed to forge a sacred sword for his friend Saito Tomomaro but died before fulfilling it, so that Kiyondo, entrusted with the unfulfilled intention, forged this blade from the very materials his master had amassed. Because every recorded Kiyondo is a signed, designated work in private hands rather than museum patrimony, his blades reach the market more readily than those of a master, yet they are few and held closely; a dated signed example comes to a collector only from time to time, and a piece carrying an inscription such as the Obahari sword would be a landmark whenever it appeared.

Kantei

the two modes the published sources name in this one shinshinto hand: the Kiyomaro-derived gunome-midare, his Soshu-revival temper over a thickly nie-laden itame, set against his own Yamato-tradition suguha that is not seen in Kiyomaro, with the Kiyomaro lineage shape (wide body, extended o-kissaki, withered fukura) carried across both

Kiyondo, born Saito Ichiro in Bunsei 10 (1827) at Oizumi-sho in Shonai in Dewa, is the most accomplished pupil of Minamoto Kiyomaro and the principal carrier of the Kiyomaro manner into the very end of the shinshinto era. He went up to Edo in Ka'ei 5 (1852), trained under Kiyomaro for only a little more than two years before the master's suicide in Ka'ei 7 (1854), and the fact that he afterward repaid Kiyomaro's outstanding sword debts became the celebrated episode that raised his name. He received the title Buzen no Kami in Keio 3 (1867). The published sources state his work in two principal modes: a Kiyomaro-derived gunome-midare, the Soshu-revival temper, and a suguha aligned with the Yamato tradition that is distinctively his own and not seen in Kiyomaro. In the first he forges a wide-bodied katana with little taper, an extended o-kissaki and withered fukura, over an itame mixed with mokume and nagare-hada that thickly takes ji-nie and frequent chikei, the temper a round-headed gunome-midare carrying long ashi, abundant nie, and long kinsuji and sunagashi, the boshi midare-komi with strong hakikake and a pointed tip. The sources call his finest such katana, dated immediately after his title, his supreme masterpiece in the Soshu-den manner, a result approaching that of his master.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs his own Yamato-den suguha mode

unique vs Kiyomaro's own manner

Observation by phase

The Kiyomaro-derived gunome-midare (his Soshu-revival prime)

The mode the published sources call inherited from his master, and the one in which his recognized masterpieces fall. The shape is the Kiyomaro lineage's own: wide in body with little difference between base and tip width, the shinogi-haba narrow for the width, little hiraniku, an especially extended o-kissaki whose fukura is withered, grand and powerful. Over an itame mixed with mokume and nagare-hada, standing in places, the ji-nie attaches thickly, sometimes coarse and uneven, with chikei entering frequently. The temper is a round-headed gunome-midare carrying gunome, ko-gunome, angular and pointed elements and choji-flavored teeth, long ashi entering vigorously, the nioiguchi deep, nie thick and in places coarse and uneven, with long kinsuji, nie-suji and sunagashi running conspicuously, and yubashiri-like tobiyaki in the shinogi-ji. The boshi is midare-komi, pointed at the tip, with strong hakikake and at times a jizo-like return. The published sources call the Keio 3 katana dated immediately after his Buzen no Kami title his supreme masterpiece in the Soshu-den manner, comparable to Kiyomaro himself.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

His own Yamato-tradition suguha (not seen in Kiyomaro)

The second mode the published sources set apart as Kiyondo's own and absent from Kiyomaro: a suguha in a Yamato-tradition manner. Over a well-forged ko-itame, at times running to a masame-leaning grain, the ji-nie attaches and the jigane is clear, with chikei intermixed. The temper is a suguha, or a suguha-base carrying a slight gunome and small choji ko-ashi, the ko-nie adhering well and the nioiguchi tight and bright. The boshi runs straight to a ko-maru, the tip showing hakikake. The Keio 3 katana made when he went up to Kyoto for his appointment, probably his first work bearing the Buzen no Kami title, is in this Yamato manner; the sources note it is occasionally seen in his output, and that here the quality of both ji and ha is particularly superior.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources state Kiyondo's work in two principal modes: the Kiyomaro-derived midareba inherited from his master, and a suguha aligned with the Yamato tradition that is distinctively his own and not seen in Kiyomaro. They emphasize that although his training lasted only a little over two years, he faithfully inherited the master's manner, and that the repayment of Kiyomaro's sword debts is the celebrated episode that raised his reputation.

On the Buzen no Kami katana made at Kyoto for his appointment the published sources note the inscription is extraordinarily valuable as documentary material, being probably his first work made after assuming the title, and that the workmanship is the Yamato tradition occasionally seen in this smith's output and very well executed.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken8

Elite Standing

0.06 across 8 designated works

Top 21% among smiths

Blade Forms

Distribution across 8 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 8 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKiyomaro
Kiyondo

Kiyomaro School

Other artisans of the Kiyomaro school

  1. 1.Kiyomaro清麿52designated
  2. 2.Nobuhide信秀4 for sale34designated
  3. 3.Masao真雄6designated
  4. 4.Masanao正直1 for sale3designated
  5. 5.Hidetoshi秀寿1designated
  6. 6.Masao正雄3 for sale2designated
  7. 7.Kiyohito清土1 for sale2designated
  8. 8.Masatoshi正俊2designated