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  1. Schools
  2. Hasebe
  3. Kunishige

Hasebe Kunishige

國重

Tokujū
Vol. 13, No. 9 · Wakizashi

Hasebe Kunishige

國重

53 ranked works

正宗十哲享保名物帳
ProvinceYamashiroEraKenmu (1334–1338)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolHasebeTraditionSoshu-denGeneration1stTeacherMasamuneFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan1,000(top 8%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN1150
1Kokuhō
3Jūyō Bunkazai
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
3Tokubetsu Jūyō44Jūyō Tōken

Overview

His National Treasure is the Heshikiri Hasebe, the long held by the Kuroda of Fukuoka, and the published sources reach for it when they want to fix his standing: among the unsigned works whose quality "compels assent to a direct connection with Masamune" (正宗との直結を首肯せしむる), the Heshikiri stands first. Hasebe Kunishige is the head of the Hasebe school, the tradition carried out of and resettled in Kyoto, at Gojo-bomon Inokuma, and he is counted in the old reckoning among the Masamune-juttetsu. The published record now favours a route for the school in which its "home province was Yamato" (本国は大和), that it matured in , and that it settled last in the capital; the Yamato substrate is exactly what shows through the manner in his steel. With the school the Hasebe are named as the pair that represent the Yamashiro smiths of , and within his own line Kunishige and Kuninobu, transmitted as his younger brother or his pupil, are the two representative hands.

The hand the published sources describe and then repeat almost word for word, text after text, is set against the smiths Hiromitsu and Akihiro, who worked the flamboyant in the years. takes and as the base of its , and its "thrusts up and returns with a pointed tendency" (突き上げて尖りごころに返る); Hasebe builds instead from mixed with , and his is "large and round" (帽子が大きく丸く), the return burned far down so that it runs straight on into the . That much is the surface of the . Beneath it lies the single sharpest tell, which the texts name in nearly every entry: in the forging a strain "uncommon in shows conspicuously toward the edge side and the ridge side" (相州には少ない柾気が刃寄りと棟寄りに著しく), the Yamato grain surfacing where work shows none. To these the published sources add the very thin of his construction as a habitual trait.

His is , standing out across the surface, the -yori and flowing into and , with thick and entering; on the broadest pieces it carries a -like tone. Over it the temper is mixed with , and entering, the deep, thick, and running frequently and long, until , and worked over and carry the whole into . The runs with , rounded, the return burned far down. The carvings are and , , and grooves cut near the . The form is the period itself: with , wide in , thin in , with a shallow , which the published sources read as the very build of a .

The work divides into four manners. The mainstream is the wide, thin, and with the full just described. Beside it the texts expressly flag a quieter, rarer pole: his style "takes as its type, but rarely" (皆焼をもって典型とするが、稀に) one sees a or a shallow large , the edge fraying into and , the only slight; of one such piece a published source remarks that the workmanship "at a glance suggests an upper-rank hand" (一見相州伝上工を思わせる), and notes that this is not uncommon for Kunishige. His -length work survives almost wholly as , the attribution carried by a the texts read as the brush of Mitsutsune; on these the is a florid with and a -like element, the tempered overall. Last is the body of signed work: most pieces carry Hasebe Kunishige in five characters near the centre of the , the -gamae at times enclosing gyoku or o, and the differing signatures with the spread of dates lead the published sources to an old theory of several smiths of one name working as a succession of generations. Reliably signed are the rarest of all; the texts call "surviving examples of signed extremely few" (有銘の太刀の遺例は極めて稀), prizing the handful that remain, slender and older in tone, as study material.

What sets him apart is best read against the pair he worked beside, and it is his own grounded traits that draw the line. His -and- , his round with its long return into the , and above all the at the -yori and separate him from the -and- and pointed of Hiromitsu and Akihiro. The published sources read his quality high in the tradition: the of the shogunal house they acclaim as "a superior piece attributed to this smith, overflowing with vigour" (覇気横溢した同工極めの優品), and the rare as showing the high-rank - character at its best. The Heshikiri itself, an blade whose original signature survives as a , is cited again and again as the work whose excellence confirms the Masamune connection, the foundation of his place among the juttetsu. His dated pieces begin at Bunwa 4 (1355), the reliably oldest, which the published sources call "the touchstone of Hasebe study" (長谷部研究のつけ石); an older Jowa-dated exists but is held still to need research, so the Bunwa 4 piece anchors the chronology, with later dates running through Enbun, Joji, and into Eiwa.

He is Jo-jo in Fujishiro's grading, with a Toko Taikan valuation of 1,000. The weight of designation behind his name is heavy: his one National Treasure, the Heshikiri Hasebe, sits above three Important Cultural Properties and Important Art Objects, and beneath them forty-seven blades stand in the and tiers. The National Treasure and the Important Cultural Properties are patrimony, preserved as heritage and never to trade; the institutional holders recorded against his name include Atsuta Jingu, the Tokyo and Kyoto National Museums and the Tokugawa Art Museum. His descend in the Tokugawa shogunal house, recorded as shogunal transmissions. The roll runs through the houses: a was received by the founding lord Honda Yasutoshi "when Shogun Hidetada made his official visit to Zeze Castle on the fourteenth day of the ninth month of Genna 3" (元和三年九月十四日、将軍秀忠が膳所城御成り) and descended in the Honda house thereafter; a Jubi of Enbun 2 passed in the Naruse house, lords of Inuyama; and the Heshikiri itself was long held by the Kuroda of . Several of his blades carry . What a private collector may realistically encounter is one of the or of the tradeable tier, and even those reach the market only from time to time; a signed Hasebe Kunishige is a landmark when one appears, and the National Treasure and the great pieces are held, not traded.

Kantei

one prime hitatsura manner (notare-gunome with abundant tobiyaki, yubashiri and muneyaki over a standing itame carrying masame and nagare) set on the wide, thin, sunnobi hira-zukuri wakizashi and tanto of Nanbokucho; flanked by a quieter suguha-and-notare pole the texts call rare for the smith, carried into a shinogi-zukuri register of o-suriage mumei katana signed in kinzogan by the Hon'ami, and closed by the extremely rare signed tachi

Hasebe Kunishige is the head of the Hasebe school, the Soshu tradition transplanted to Kyoto, and is counted among the Masamune-juttetsu. With the Sagami smiths Hiromitsu and Akihiro he is one of the makers who specialized in the flamboyant hitatsura temper that arose in Nanbokucho; the school is held with Kuninobu (his younger brother or pupil) as the representative pair, and with the Kunikuni line places the Hasebe beside the Kunikuni Nobukuni school as the two that represent late Yamashiro. His surviving work is overwhelmingly the wide, thin, sunnobi hira-zukuri wakizashi and tanto of the period, signed in five characters Hasebe Kunishige; reliably signed tachi are extremely rare. Dated works run Bunna, Enbun, Joji, Oan and into Eiwa. What separates him from the Sagami pair the published sources state plainly and repeat in almost every text: his temper is built on notare with gunome rather than the choji and gunome of Soshu, his boshi turns large and round with the return burned far down into the muneyaki rather than thrusting up to a point, and his jigane carries a masame and nagare strain at the ha-yori and mune-yori that Sagami work rarely shows. The o-suriage mumei katana attributed to him, signed in kinzogan by the Hon'ami, are his shinogi-zukuri register; the meibutsu Heshikiri Hasebe is a National Treasure.

Diagnostic discriminators

masame-gokoro on 38% of his corpus (nagare 38% beside it), against 0% for both Hiromitsu and Akihiro, the Sagami hitatsura pair; Sadamune 4%, Masamune 7%

のたれに互の目の刃取り(相州は丁子と互の目)notare ni gunome no hatori

notare on 79% of his blades while choji-midare runs only 2%, the inverse of the Sagami pair where choji-midare is 25% (Hiromitsu) and 20% (Akihiro); the contrast the texts draw as the basic hatori difference

hitatsura on 40% of his corpus (tobiyaki 57%, muneyaki, yubashiri abundant), against 0% for Sadamune and 1% for Masamune; only the Sagami pair match the manner, Hiromitsu 64% and Akihiro 60%

70% of his works

Observation by phase

Prime manner, hitatsura on the sunnobi hira-zukuri form

The mainstream of his work. The form is hira-zukuri with mitsu-mune, wide in mihaba, thin in kasane, sunnobi with a shallow sori, the build the published sources read as the very form of a Nanbokucho hira-zukuri wakizashi. The jigane is itame, standing out, the ha-yori and mune-yori running into masame and nagare, with thick ji-nie and chikei entering. Over it the temper is notare mixed with gunome, with ashi and yo, the nioiguchi deep, ko-nie thick, kinsuji and sunagashi frequent, and tobiyaki, yubashiri and muneyaki worked over ji and mune until the whole becomes hitatsura. The boshi runs midare-komi with hakikake, large and round or with a pointed tendency, the return burned far down to join the muneyaki, the point the texts name as distinguishing him from Hiromitsu and Akihiro, whose boshi thrust up to a point. The carvings are bonji, ken, gomabashi and katana-hi.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The quiet pole, suguha and gentle notare

the pieces the published sources expressly call rare for him (not the usual hitatsura but a suguha-ba or a shallow large notare) which widen the kantei so a Hasebe attribution does not rest on hitatsura alone

A smaller, quieter class the texts repeatedly flag as exceptional for him. Over the same standing itame with its ha-yori masame the temper runs a chu-suguha tending to a shallow notare, the edge fraying into hotsure and nijuba, with ko-ashi, deep nioi and ko-nie, and kinsuji and sunagashi still frequent; tobiyaki appears only slightly, so the blade reads as a quiet midare rather than full hitatsura. One published source calls such a piece a work that recalls the upper Soshu hand. The masame at the ha-yori and the long-burning round boshi remain the constant tells even here.

Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The o-suriage mumei katana, kinzogan-mei by the Hon'ami

his shinogi-zukuri register: o-suriage mumei katana, wide with an extended chu-kissaki or o-kissaki, attributed to Hasebe Kunishige in kinzogan by the Hon'ami (Mitsutsune), several transmitted in the Tokugawa shogunal house

His tachi-length work survives almost wholly as o-suriage mumei katana, the original signature lost to the shortening, the attribution carried by a kinzogan-mei the texts read as the brush of Hon'ami Mitsutsune. The form is shinogi-zukuri, wide in mihaba with little difference between moto and saki, the kissaki extended or large. Over an itame that flows and stands out with thick ji-nie and frequent chikei the temper is gunome-midare with ko-notare, the choji-like element appearing here more than in the signed pieces, tobiyaki and yubashiri spilling over and the whole mune tempered, nie thick, the nioiguchi bright. The published sources judge such pieces correctly Hasebe Kunishige even unsigned; the meibutsu Heshikiri Hasebe, itself an o-suriage gaku-mei blade, is the National Treasure of this register.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Kinzogan-mei attribution by the Hon'ami— the o-suriage katana whose attribution is a gold-inlay signature, several judged the work of Hon'ami Mitsutsune and transmitted in the Tokugawa shogunal house

The rare signed tachi

less firmly establishedthe handful of signed tachi the texts call extremely rare for him and for Kuninobu alike, slender, older-looking in build and signature, valuable as study material

Against a body of work almost entirely in wakizashi and tanto, a very few signed tachi survive: one with a folded-over orikaeshi-mei, another slender with a high koshizori and small kissaki, a shobu-zukuri piece large and sunnobi. The published sources call these older in tone than his usual hand, with the itame tightly forged and bright, the temper a ko-notare midare with frequent yubashiri tending to hitatsura, and prize them as precious for the study of Hasebe Kunishige.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

His dated works begin at the reliably oldest Bunna 4 (1355), the touchstone the published sources call the foundation stone of Hasebe study, and run through Enbun, Joji and Oan; an older Jowa-dated tachi exists but is held still to need research, and signed tachi of any date are scarcely seen.

The published sources note that the differing signatures and the spread of dates point to several smiths of one name working as a succession of generations; the kanji of the kuni-gamae is at times rendered with gyoku or o inside.

Mumei attributions are settled by the period build and by the points inside the school: the masame at the ha-yori and mune-yori rare in Soshu, the notare-and-gunome hatori, and the round boshi with its long return, exactly the places the texts name to separate Hasebe from Hiromitsu and Akihiro.

Honors

正宗十哲Masamune Juttetsu (Ten Brilliant Students of Masamune)

Transmitted as one of the Ten

The Ten Brilliant Students of Masamune — an Edo-period construct first attested in the Tōken Shōsan (刀剣正纂, 1862), which itself already disclaims the grouping as later conjecture. Several members cannot have been actual students on chronology (Kanemitsu, Chōgi, Kinjū, Naotsuna), and Norishige is now considered a fellow student under Shintōgo Kunimitsu — yet NBTHK setsumei invoke the roster constantly, and it remains core collector vocabulary. Roster variants exist (Sadamune in place of Naotsuna; Kongōbyōe Moritaka swapped in for Rai Kunitsugu or Naotsuna); this honor tags the standard ten.

享保名物帳Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō (Catalog of Celebrated Blades)

Recorded, 1 blade (meibutsu Heshikiri Hasebe)

The Hon'ami family's catalog of celebrated blades (名物) presented to shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in Kyōhō 4 (1719). Records ~274 blades of Heian–Nanbokuchō manufacture (168 extant + ~80 burned + ~26 later additions), grouped by smith with valuations and provenance. This honor tags smiths whose work is recorded in the catalog; the detail field carries per-smith counts where the published tally is exact, or 所載 + named blades where only inclusion is verified.

Designations

Kokuhō1
Jūyō Bunkazai3
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō3
Jūyō Tōken44

Elite Standing

0.38 across 53 designated works

Top 7% among smiths

Provenance

6 documented provenances across certified works by Kunishige

Provenance Standing

3 works held in elite collections across 6 documented provenances

Top 17% among smiths

Raw score: 2.14 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 53 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 53 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherMasamune
Kunishige
Students (3)
  1. 1.Kuninobu國信41designated
  2. 2.Kunihira國平3designated
  3. 3.Kunishige國重2designated

Hasebe School

Other artisans of the Hasebe school

  1. 1.Kuninobu國信41designated
  2. 2.Kunihira國平3designated
  3. 3.Kunishige國重2designated
  4. 4.Munenobu宗信2designated
  5. 5.Shigenobu重信1designated