Hasebe Kuninobu worked in Kyoto in the period, his dated blades running Enbun and Joji, and with the school head Kunishige he is named in text after text as one of the two principal representatives of the Hasebe group. The school is the tradition carried into Yamashiro: contemporaneous with the smiths Hiromitsu and Akihiro, known for flamboyant , the Hasebe smiths produced equally brilliant full-temper work, their residence traditionally given as Gojo Bomon Inokuma, though no surviving blade is signed "resident of Yamashiro." The Kosei KotoMeikan records Kuninobu as the son of the first-generation Kunishige and the younger brother of the second, while several published commentaries, finding his dated work confined to Enbun and Joji, read him simply as Kunishige's contemporary; the brother and pupil accounts are both chronologically sound. Recent scholarship holds the school's home province to be Yamato, the route the published sources set down as "home province Yamato, brought to full development in Soshu, and at last settled in the capital."1
What the published record gives as Kuninobu's own, within a manner he shares almost wholly with the founder, is a single point in the temper. Whereas Soshuhitatsura is built on choji and gunome, Hasebe work takes notare and gunome, and the commentaries return, blade after blade, to one clause: "in Kuninobu's case in particular the notare turns angular, or takes on an arrow-nock (yahazu) character."2 His gunome squares off and runs to a forked-arrow shape more readily than the founder's, the angular teeth linked by a low ko-notare. The carvings are a second mark of his hand: bonji, kurikara, a sankoken, gomabashi and suken on the wide faces of his blades, one Juyo commentary stating outright that "this kind of carving is, within the group, almost limited to Kuninobu."3 The third tell is the boshi, large and round, its return burned long down the mune until it joins the muneyaki, the chief separation named from the pointed, thrusting boshi of the Sagami pair.
The forging is itame, the grain standing, mixed with mokume and flowing into masame and nagare toward both edge and back; ji-nie lies thick and chikei enter freely. Over this the temper is notare carrying gunome, the nioiguchi deep, nie thick, kinsuji and sunagashi frequent, tobiyaki and muneyaki worked across the ji and mune until the whole rises to hitatsura. The flowing masame near the ha and mune is the feature the published sources call rare in Sagami and count among the school's surest hallmarks, the Yamato substrate showing through the Soshu manner, beside the period's extremely thin kasane. The typical form is the hira-zukuriwakizashi or tanto with mitsu-mune, wide in mihaba and sun-nobi, the imposing build of the Nanbokucho height, of which the meibutsu Atsuta Kuninobu at Atsuta Jingu is named the standard.
Beside this mainstream the published sources note two extremes of scale, "extremely large pieces of more than a shaku, and conversely small ones in the six- or seven-sun range,"4 and a quieter register they treat as exceptional for him. In several smaller tanto the temper is a low ko-notare mixed with ko-gunome rather than full hitatsura, the nie still thick and sunagashi still running; in one the hada departs from his usual standing grain into a tightly forged, clear ko-itame that recurs on one of his rare tachi. Tachi-length work is scarce. A few signed tachi survive, slender with high koshizori and a small kissaki, tightly forged in ko-itame, several tempered in a chu-suguha with gunome rather than hitatsura, a manner set apart from Kunishige, signed Hasebe tachi being scarcely ever seen. To these are joined his shinogi-zukuri shortened blades: o-suriagemumeikatana judged Kuninobu by build, and a gaku-meiwakizashi whose original signature is preserved on the cut-down tang, once a very long hira-zukuriwakizashi shortened in the manner of the BizenOsafune smiths Kanemitsu and Morikage. One tachi, differing in both signature and workmanship from the usual Enbun-dated pieces, leads the published record to suppose more than one generation of the name.
His work is read by the points that set the school apart from Sagami and Kuninobu apart from the founder. Against Hiromitsu and Akihiro the separation is substrate and boshi: the Hasebe hitatsura rises over a masame-bearing itame the Sagami pair lack, and turns back large and round rather than pointed. Against Kunishige, whose workmanship the commentaries call so close a difference is hard to find, the separation is the angular, arrow-nocked gunome, the richer carving, and the longer-burning return, the marks named when settling an unsigned blade. One older commentary frames the limit of his hand plainly, allowing that "his technique cannot reach so far as the meibutsu Heshikiri Hasebe,"5 yet adding that he excelled in the dark, moist nureba temper, working exceedingly close to Kunishige. Within Yamashiro the Hasebe stand with the Nobukuni school as the representative Nanbokucho smiths of the province; the school further includes Kunihira, Munenobu and Shigenobu.
Kuninobu is Jo-jo saku in Fujishiro's grading, and his record carries weight: three Important Cultural Properties and three Tokubetsu Juyo, with thirty-three Juyo beneath them, thirty-six in the Tokubetsu Juyo and Juyo tiers. Of his roughly forty-one designated works on record, almost all are signed, an open hand unlike the largely mumeiSoshu masters. The signed tachi nicknamed Karakashi descended in the Uesugi house, counted among the thirty-five swords selected by Uesugi Kagekatsu, with a late-Muromachiaikuchiuchigatana mounting. A Juyowakizashi was presented to the fourteenth shogun Tokugawa Iemochi by the Owari Tokugawa house at Nagoya castle in Keio 1, recorded in its sayagaki; another tachi was dedicated at Shizutani Shrine for the Ikeda lord Terumasa; and one tanto, published in the Tsuchiya oshigata, "is transmitted as a treasured blade of Katsu Kaishu."6 His tachi carry Hon'amiorigami of Genroku 5 and Enpo 8. The Important Cultural Properties, including the Atsuta wakizashi, are heritage held by shrine and museum and do not trade; recorded holders include Atsuta Jingu, the Kyoto National Museum, Itsukushima Jinja and the Sano Art Museum. The signed wakizashi and tanto in the Tokubetsu Juyo and Juyo tiers are what a private collector may realistically encounter, and even these reach the market only rarely, a secure Hasebe Kuninobu a landmark when one appears.
Historical importance
Where Kuninobu stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.