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  1. Schools
  2. Hasebe
  3. Kuninobu

Hasebe Kuninobu

國信

Tokujū
Vol. 25, No. 8 · Wakizashi

Hasebe Kuninobu

國信

41 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraKenmu (1334–1338)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolHasebeTraditionSoshu-denTeacherKunishigeFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan700(top 17%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN840
3Jūyō Bunkazai
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
3Tokubetsu Jūyō33Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Hasebe Kuninobu worked in Kyoto in the period, his dated blades running Enbun and Joji, and with the school head Kunishige he is named in text after text as one of the two principal representatives of the Hasebe group. The school is the tradition carried into Yamashiro: contemporaneous with the smiths Hiromitsu and Akihiro, known for flamboyant , the Hasebe smiths produced equally brilliant full-temper work, their residence traditionally given as Gojo Bomon Inokuma, though no surviving blade is signed "resident of Yamashiro." The Kosei records Kuninobu as the son of the first-generation Kunishige and the younger brother of the second, while several published commentaries, finding his dated work confined to Enbun and Joji, read him simply as Kunishige's contemporary; the brother and pupil accounts are both chronologically sound. Recent scholarship holds the school's home province to be Yamato, the route the published sources set down as "home province Yamato, brought to full development in , and at last settled in the capital."

What the published record gives as Kuninobu's own, within a manner he shares almost wholly with the founder, is a single point in the temper. Whereas is built on and , Hasebe work takes and , and the commentaries return, blade after blade, to one clause: "in Kuninobu's case in particular the turns angular, or takes on an arrow-nock () character." His squares off and runs to a forked-arrow shape more readily than the founder's, the angular teeth linked by a low . The carvings are a second mark of his hand: , , a sanko , and on the wide faces of his blades, one commentary stating outright that "this kind of carving is, within the group, almost limited to Kuninobu." The third tell is the , large and round, its return burned long down the until it joins the , the chief separation named from the pointed, thrusting of the pair.

The forging is , the grain standing, mixed with and flowing into and toward both edge and back; lies thick and enter freely. Over this the temper is carrying , the deep, thick, and frequent, and worked across the and until the whole rises to . The flowing near the and is the feature the published sources call rare in and count among the school's surest hallmarks, the Yamato substrate showing through the manner, beside the period's extremely thin . The typical form is the or with , wide in and , the imposing build of the height, of which the Atsuta Kuninobu at Atsuta Jingu is named the standard.

Beside this mainstream the published sources note two extremes of scale, "extremely large pieces of more than a , and conversely small ones in the six- or seven- range," and a quieter register they treat as exceptional for him. In several smaller the temper is a low mixed with rather than full , the still thick and still running; in one the departs from his usual standing grain into a tightly forged, clear that recurs on one of his rare . -length work is scarce. A few signed survive, slender with high and a small , tightly forged in , several tempered in a with rather than , a manner set apart from Kunishige, signed Hasebe being scarcely ever seen. To these are joined his shortened blades: judged Kuninobu by build, and a whose original signature is preserved on the cut-down tang, once a very long shortened in the manner of the smiths Kanemitsu and Morikage. One , differing in both signature and workmanship from the usual Enbun-dated pieces, leads the published record to suppose more than one generation of the name.

His work is read by the points that set the school apart from and Kuninobu apart from the founder. Against Hiromitsu and Akihiro the separation is substrate and : the Hasebe rises over a -bearing the pair lack, and turns back large and round rather than pointed. Against Kunishige, whose workmanship the commentaries call so close a difference is hard to find, the separation is the angular, arrow-nocked , the richer carving, and the longer-burning return, the marks named when settling an unsigned blade. One older commentary frames the limit of his hand plainly, allowing that "his technique cannot reach so far as the Heshikiri Hasebe," yet adding that he excelled in the dark, moist temper, working exceedingly close to Kunishige. Within Yamashiro the Hasebe stand with the school as the representative smiths of the province; the school further includes Kunihira, Munenobu and Shigenobu.

Kuninobu is Jo-jo in Fujishiro's grading, and his record carries weight: three Important Cultural Properties and three , with thirty-three beneath them, thirty-six in the and tiers. Of his roughly forty-one designated works on record, almost all are signed, an open hand unlike the largely masters. The signed nicknamed Karakashi descended in the Uesugi house, counted among the thirty-five swords selected by Uesugi Kagekatsu, with a late- mounting. A was presented to the fourteenth shogun Tokugawa Iemochi by the Owari Tokugawa house at Nagoya castle in Keio 1, recorded in its ; another was dedicated at Shizutani Shrine for the Ikeda lord Terumasa; and one , published in the Tsuchiya , "is transmitted as a treasured blade of Katsu Kaishu." His carry of Genroku 5 and Enpo 8. The Important Cultural Properties, including the Atsuta , are heritage held by shrine and museum and do not trade; recorded holders include Atsuta Jingu, the Kyoto National Museum, Itsukushima Jinja and the Sano Art Museum. The signed and in the and tiers are what a private collector may realistically encounter, and even these reach the market only rarely, a secure Hasebe Kuninobu a landmark when one appears.

Kantei

one prime hitatsura manner shared with the founder but pushed wilder, its defining mark a notare that turns angular and arrow-nocked (yahazu), set on the wide thin sunnobi hira-zukuri wakizashi and tanto of Nanbokucho over a standing itame carrying masame and nagare; flanked by a quieter small-scale pole the texts call exceptional for him (ko-notare with ko-gunome, the temper not full hitatsura) and by the rare signed suguha tachi, and carried into a shinogi-zukuri register of o-suriage mumei or gaku-mei blades; the carvings and the long round boshi the texts name as nearly his alone within the school

Hasebe Kuninobu is, with the school head Kunishige, the representative pair of the Hasebe school, the tradition transplanted to Kyoto. The transmits him as the son of the first Kunishige and the younger brother of the second, and the texts treat the two as nearly inseparable in manner, his dated work running Enbun and Joji. He shares the Hasebe ground entirely: the wide, thin, and of , a standing whose -yori and run into and , the flamboyant of -and- with and , and the large round whose return burns far down into the . What the published sources name as his own within the school is the temper element: the turns angular, often nocked like an arrow-end (), more than in the founder; the published record gives this as the single point that separates Kuninobu from Kunishige. His runs wilder and his carvings are richer than the founder's, , , and the texts say are nearly confined to him within the school. He works two extremes of build, a foot-and-more very large piece and a six-or-seven- small one; signed are extremely rare, and his pieces and the Atsuta Kuninobu stand among his most noted work.

Diagnostic discriminators

gunome enters 88% of his blades against 74% for the founder Kunishige, and the published record names Kuninobu specifically for the gunome squaring off or running to a yahazu shape, the one tell it gives to separate him from Kunishige

the long-burning return shows on 26% of his blades against 8% for the founder Kunishige and 0% for Masamune and Sadamune, whose boshi do not run back to the mune; o-maru 17% and muneyaki 26% reinforce it, against the pointed Soshu boshi of Hiromitsu and Akihiro

hitatsura on 52% of his corpus (tobiyaki 62%, muneyaki and yubashiri abundant), wilder than the founder Kunishige at 40%, against 0% for Sadamune and 1% for Masamune; only the Sagami pair Hiromitsu (64%) and Akihiro (60%) match the manner

masame-gokoro on 45% of his corpus (nagare-hada 26% beside it), against 0% for both Hiromitsu and Akihiro, the Sue-Soshu hitatsura pair, and 4% Sadamune, 7% Masamune; the Yamato substrate showing through the Soshu manner, the school's home province held to be Yamato

36% of his works

Observation by phase

Prime manner, the angular hitatsura on the sunnobi hira-zukuri form

The mainstream of his work and the place his name is read. The form is with , wide in , thin in , with a shallow , the build the published sources call the standard small of the prime, Enbun and Joji. The is , standing out, the -yori and running into and with thick and . Over it the temper is mixed with , with and , the deep, thick, and frequent, and , and worked over and until the whole becomes . Within this his own tell is that the turns angular and often arrow-nocked, the texts repeating that the of Kuninobu squares off or runs to a shape more than the founder's; many pieces link these angular teeth with a low shallow . The runs , large and round, with , the return burned far down to join the , the point the published record gives as separating Hasebe from the pointed of Hiromitsu and Akihiro. The carvings are , , , and , which the texts say are nearly confined to Kuninobu within the school.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The quiet small-scale pole, ko-notare with ko-gunome

the small six-or-seven-sun pieces the published sources expressly set against the foot-and-more large ones, where the temper is a ko-notare with ko-gunome rather than the usual full hitatsura, a register the texts call exceptional for him and note for its tightly forged ko-itame

A smaller, quieter class the texts flag as exceptional for him. Against the foot-and-more large pieces stand the six-or-seven- small ones, where the temper is a carrying rather than the usual full , the deep, thick, and still frequent, only sparingly mixed. In one such the texts note the ground departs from the usual flowing standing into a tightly forged , bright and clear, the they say recurs on his rare . The here runs or , the return still long, so the Hasebe tells of the round long-burning and the -yori remain even where the subsides.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The rare signed suguha tachi and the o-suriage gaku-mei register

less firmly establishedhis shinogi-zukuri register: a very few signed tachi the texts call extremely rare for him, several of them suguha (a manner that departs from the founder), and the o-suriage mumei or gaku-mei katana attributed to Hasebe Kuninobu, one shortened from a long hira-zukuri wakizashi exactly as the Bizen Kanemitsu and Morikage of the same period

His -length work is scarce and divides the texts. A very few signed survive, slender with a high and small , tightly forged in , and several of them are tempered in a with rather than , a manner the published sources set apart from the founder and note that Kuninobu, like Kunishige, almost never leaves a signed . Beside them stand his pieces: a judged Kuninobu by build, and a whose original five-character signature is preserved on the shortened , its old form read as a very long cut down in the way as the Kanemitsu and Morikage of the period. These widen the beyond the , so a Hasebe Kuninobu attribution can be read on a quiet and on a shortened blade alike.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
O-suriage with the original mei preserved as a gaku-mei— the o-suriage wakizashi whose five-character Hasebe Kuninobu signature is set into the shortened nakago as a gaku-mei, the old form read as a very long hira-zukuri wakizashi shortened in the manner of the period Bizen smiths
Scholarship

The transmission divides the texts: the Koto Meikan makes Kuninobu the son of the first Kunishige and younger brother of the second, while several published sources, finding the dated work confined to Enbun and Joji, read him simply as Kunishige's contemporary or pupil; the dating supports either the brother or the pupil view.

Several texts allow that the name covers more than one generation: one tachi differs in both signature and manner from the usual Enbun-dated pieces, leading the published record to suppose smiths of one name across several generations.

Mumei attributions are settled by the period build and by the points inside the school: the masame at the ha-yori and mune-yori rare in Soshu, the notare-and-gunome hatori with its angular and arrow-nocked teeth, and the round boshi with its long return into the muneyaki, exactly the places the texts name to separate Hasebe from Hiromitsu and Akihiro and Kuninobu from Kunishige.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai3
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō3
Jūyō Tōken33

Elite Standing

0.37 across 41 designated works

Top 7% among smiths

Provenance

6 documented provenances across certified works by Kuninobu

Provenance Standing

2 works held in elite collections across 6 documented provenances

Top 63% among smiths

Raw score: 1.93 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 41 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 41 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunishige
Kuninobu
Students (5)
  1. 1.Kunishige國重2designated
  2. 2.Munenobu宗信2designated
  3. 3.Nobuyuki信行
  4. 4.Nobuyuki信行
  5. 5.Shigenobu重信1designated

Hasebe School

Other artisans of the Hasebe school

  1. 1.Kunishige國重1 for sale53designated
  2. 2.Kunihira國平3designated
  3. 3.Kunishige國重2designated
  4. 4.Munenobu宗信2designated
  5. 5.Shigenobu重信1designated