NihontoWatch MonNihontoWatchBETA
MarketEncyclopedia
NihontoWatch Mon

NihontoWatchBETA

Market
Encyclopedia
Overview·Kantei·Designations·Blade Forms·Signatures·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsBlade FormsSignaturesSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Mito (Swordsmiths)
  3. Tokurin

Mito (Swordsmiths) Tokurin

徳鄰

Jūyō
Vol. 41, No. 160 · Katana

Mito (Swordsmiths) Tokurin

徳鄰

9 ranked works

ProvinceHitachiEraBunsei (1818–1830)PeriodEdoSchoolMito (Swordsmiths)TraditionShinshintoGeneration1stFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan380(top 39%)TypeSwordsmithCodeNOR499
9Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Ichige Tokurin signed his blades with the province at the head of a long inscription and his common name Genzaemon set into it, as on the Suifu Ichige Genzaemon Tokurin , and the records of his work read his life as plainly as those signatures: born in An'ei 6, in 1777, he was a retainer of the Mito clan who first trained under the clan smith Kume Naganori, then went down to Osaka and entered the gate of Ozaki Suketaka, where he reached maturity. In Bunka 6, at thirty-three, he was made the retained smith of the Mito clan; in Tenpo 1 he received the title Omi-no-, the rank his later blades carry; and he died in Tenpo 6, in 1835. Through Suketaka his line descends from the Osaka tradition of Tsuda Sukehiro, whose second generation invented the billowing-wave temper, and it is that temper, carried north into the bakumatsu Mito school, that the published sources name the manner Tokurin most favored and best commanded.

His characteristic hand is the toran (濤瀾), a large that crests in regular swells like the open sea. He builds it over a well packed and clear, often beginning the temper with a straight at the before the wave pattern opens above it; long enter the crests, the runs deep, lie thickly through the line, plays across it, and the stands bright and clear. The published sources judge his success in this manner not by flamboyance but by control. They observe of his finest that the wave forms are tempered in order without breaking down, and of the that the particles are even and well matched, lying without unevenness through the . Of the late- smiths who all took up the toran, the published record sets him at the top, writing of one that the wave- workmanship is something the bakumatsu smiths attempted in numbers, 「濤瀾乱れの作柄は、幕末期の刀工が挙って試みているが、中でも徳鄰は抜群」 of technique among them. His own surviving work in this manner is comparatively few, which is part of why the dated, signed pieces that remain are valued as they are.

The beneath both his manners is the refined steel: a that packs tightly, sometimes with and flowing grain mixed in, the applied fine and at times dust-fine and thick, fine entering well, and the steel clear. On his best pieces the published sources call this forging a degree above the rest, the dust-fine and the finely entering singled out for their refinement. The is read with the vocabulary whichever register he works in: deep , thickly applied , fine and , and the bright clear that is the recurring point of his work. The is the one constant across everything on record, running straight to a small , at times turning back a touch deeply with the tip lightly brushed in . Where the shape is described it is a or , the body somewhat broad, the thick, a tendency to at the base, the running extended.

Beside the toran the records lay out a second and a third manner, so that he is best understood as one smith working in registers keyed to the model he is imitating. The first is a Shinkai-style -tateage, a chu or wide , at times a -toned base shallowly undulating, with , and long entering it; the published sources call this register 「同作としては比較的珍らしい真改風の作域」, comparatively rare among his work, and prize it the more for that, noting the on these pieces applied a degree thicker and the more uniform, the bright clear the point worth singling out. The third is a Hankei-style , named beside the others, all of them judged skilled. His tracks the care: every blade on record carries a long signature on an tang, and the published sources read the wording itself as a dating key, the inscription running 水戸住 in the Bunka years and changing to 水府住 in the Bunsei years, so that one -dated can be inferred to about Bunsei 2 by the resemblance of its signature alone.

What sets Tokurin apart in the crowded field of bakumatsu wave-temper smiths is not a wider repertoire but the cleanness and order of his hand. The the judges call comparatively scarce in survival they also name his typical work, writing that of his extant pieces 「この作は、彼の典型といえるもの」, the workmanship outstanding. His standing rests on this control rather than on the size of his output or any borrowed resemblance: where many of his contemporaries reached for the toran and left it ragged, his crests hold their shape and his lie uniform, and on one of his the published sources find his real ability brought out without reserve, 「彼の本領が遺憾無く発揮されている」. Within the Mito school of the late period he stands among the leading hands, the wave temper his signature inheritance from the Suketaka line, the refined his proof that the technique was a matter of skill and not of a single trick.

Tokurin's record is wholly of the tier: eight of his blades are designated , all of them signed and , and the published sources call several of them his highest or representative work, the and alike judged superb. He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties, and no museum or holding is recorded against his name, so his presence is felt through these signed and rather than through a roll of famous owners. The Fujishiro appraisal places him at Jo- and the Toko Taikan values his work in the upper-middle range, the standing of a capable late- master rather than a national figure. For a private collector his blades are not beyond reach in the way a name would be, but they come forward only rarely, and a healthy signed and dated example, in the toran he made his own or in the rarer Shinkai-style , is the kind of piece that rewards patience: comparatively few survive, each carries his full long signature with the common name, and the best of them show, in the published judges' own measure, 「沸の粒が均一でよく揃ってむらなくつき」, the even uniform that is the surest sign of his hand.

Kantei

one smith carried in three style-registers keyed to the manner he is imitating: the toran of his teacher Suketaka (his forte), the Shinkai-style suguha-tateage, and a Hankei-style gunome-midare, all on a single ko-itame ji-nie ground; the mei evolves Mito-ju (Bunka) to Suifu-ju (Bunsei)

Ichige Tokurin, a Mito-clan smith of the late Edo period, born An'ei 6 (1777), common name Genzaemon; he first trained under the Mito clan smith Kume Naganori, then went down to Osaka to study under Ozaki Suketaka and so reached maturity. Made the retained smith of the Mito clan in Bunka 6 (1809) at thirty-three, he received the title Omi-no-suke in Tenpo 1 (1830) and died in Tenpo 6 (1835). His work runs in three manners: the toran of large gunome-midare that he inherited from his teacher Suketaka, which the published sources name the one he most favored and best commanded; a Shinkai-style suguha-tateage in chu-suguha or hiro-suguha; and at times a Hankei-style gunome-midare. The base is a ko-itame, well packed, with ji-nie applied fine and thick and fine chikei entering, the steel clear; the hamon carries deep nioi, ko-nie thickly applied, kinsuji and sunagashi, and a nioiguchi bright and clear, the boshi sugu to a small ko-maru. The mei is a long signature with the common name, struck on an ubu tang, and shifts from Mito-ju to Suifu-ju between the Bunka and Bunsei years.

Diagnostic discriminators

63% of his works

75% of his works

100% of his works

100% of his works

Observation by phase

Toran manner inherited from Suketaka, his forte

the toran is named the manner he most favored; the published sources read the mei-form shift (Mito-ju in Bunka, Suifu-ju in Bunsei) as a dating key, the Bunsei pieces approaching the Bunsei 2 signature

The manner the published sources call the one he most favored and best commanded, taken from his Osaka teacher Ozaki Suketaka. Over a ko-itame well packed, with ji-nie fine and thick and fine chikei entering and the steel clear, he tempers a large gunome-midare of toran cast, often beginning with a straight yakidashi at the machi, then opening into the billowing crests; ashi run long and enter well, the nioi deep, ko-nie thickly applied, sunagashi playing across it, the nioiguchi bright and clear. The boshi is sugu to a small ko-maru. The published sources single out the even, unbroken regularity of the midare and the uniform, well-aligned grain of the nie as the measure of his success in a manner hard to keep clean, calling him outstanding among the late-Edo smiths who all attempted the toran. The shape is shinogi-zukuri with the body somewhat broad, a thick kasane and a tendency to funbari, the chu-kissaki running extended.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Shinkai-style suguha-tateage

A straight-temper register in the manner of Shinkai, called comparatively rare within his work by the published sources and prized for it. The hamon is a chu-suguha or hiro-suguha, sometimes a suguha-toned base shallowly undulating, with choji and gunome and long ashi entering, the nioi deep, ko-nie thickly applied, fine kinsuji and sunagashi playing across, the nioiguchi bright and clear. On these pieces the published record notes the nie applied a degree thicker and the grain of it the more uniform, the bright clear nioiguchi the point worth singling out. The same ko-itame ji-nie ground carries it, here described dust-fine and thickly applied with fine chikei, the steel refined. The boshi is sugu to a ko-maru, returning a touch deeply with the tip lightly brushed.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

His life is set out consistently across the records: born An'ei 6, common name Genzaemon, a Mito retainer who trained first under the clan smith Kume Naganori and then under Ozaki Suketaka in Osaka, made the clan's retained smith in Bunka 6 at thirty-three, granted the Omi-no-suke title in Tenpo 1, and dead in Tenpo 6.

The published sources read the mei as a dating key: the signature runs Mito-ju Ichige Tokurin in the Bunka years and changes to Suifu-ju in the Bunsei years, so that a piece's date can be placed by the form, one mumei-titled katana inferred to Bunsei 2 by its resemblance to the Bunsei 2 signature.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken9

Elite Standing

0.07 across 9 designated works

Top 20% among smiths

Blade Forms

Distribution across 9 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 9 ranked works

Currently Available

Mito (Swordsmiths) School

Other artisans of the Mito (Swordsmiths) school

  1. 1.Tokukatsu徳勝2 for sale5designated
  2. 2.Yoshiatsu慶篤1designated
  3. 3.Tokurin徳隣1 for sale2designated