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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Osafune
  3. Sue-Bizen
  4. Tadamitsu

Osafune Tadamitsu

忠光

Jūyō
Vol. 21, No. 228 · Katana

Osafune Tadamitsu

忠光

25 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraBunmei–Eishō (1469–1521)PeriodMuromachiSchoolOsafuneTraditionBizen-denGeneration1stFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan700(top 17%)TypeSwordsmithCodeTAD122
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Gyobutsu
22Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Tadamitsu is, with Katsumitsu and Munemitsu, one of the representative smiths of the late- forges collectively called . The name itself is old, and the signature compendia place a first generation as far back as the Shoo or Genko eras and count several generations down through Eiroku and Tensho; of those earliest masters no work survives, the oldest examined blade being a Joji-dated piece. The Tadamitsu who is widely known, and whose dated and signed swords fill almost the whole of the surviving record, is the smith bearing the common name Hikobei-jo, working in the Bunmei, Entoku and Meio years (1469 to 1501). The published sources rank him directly: "alongside Katsumitsu and Munemitsu, Tadamitsu is counted among the representative smiths of ," and, among the several smiths signing the name, "the Tadamitsu who took the title Hikobei-jo is the most accomplished" (中でも彦兵衛尉を名乗る忠光が最も上手である).

What the published sources name as his individuality is one quality above all: within a school otherwise defined by its flamboyant clove-and- temper, he is the master of the straight edge. They call him plainly "the master of among the smiths" (忠光は末備前刀工中の直刃の名手であり), and the reputation recurs across his entries down the decades. His characteristic blade tempers a , at times a broad shallowly , the tight and bright, adhering, small and worked into the edge, with and a little ; the runs straight into a , now and then tempered down rather long. It is a quiet, exacting temper, and it is what a collector reads first in his hand.

The quality that carries that quiet temper is the steel beneath it. His is a well-packed with and , standing a little in places, and the judges return to its cleanness again and again, calling it in two separate entries "a that is exceedingly clean" (地がねが如何にも綺麗で). On the broader of his larger blades a faint or, on the showiest, a rises in the . Within he had long been held especially accomplished in forging, the published commentary says, and that refinement of the is the constant on which both his tempers rest.

His is not a one-manner hand, and the second register is the inherently . "Many of Tadamitsu's best works are skillful ," the sources allow, "yet here he has tempered a -ba, and in doing so does not fall behind Katsumitsu and Munemitsu" (忠光には直刃の上手な作品が多い … 備前本来の乱れ刃もまた得意). On these he sets an open-waisted mixed with and , and entering freely, adhering, with , and the occasional , the running to a small round or a pointed return. He works almost wholly in the late- idiom, the compact katate-uchi with and a short tang, made, as one entry observes, "to suit one-handed draw-cutting" (片手の抜打に適するためである), and his blades carry on both faces the devotional carvings, a grass , , and the shrine name . He is also counted, beside Norimitsu, among the few makers of fine spears, his and omi- well refined in a flowing .

What sets the Hikobei-jo Tadamitsu apart, then, is named by the judges from within his own work rather than borrowed from a comparison. Where his contemporaries Katsumitsu and Munemitsu are read through the flamboyant and the open-waisted clove temper, Tadamitsu is read through the bright, tight and the clean that the sources praise as the sign of a superior forger; and when he does turn to the , it is the inherently line, the equal of his peers'. He stands, with them, at the head of late , and several of his blades are joint works with other smiths bearing the name, one with Hikosaburo "whose personal name is clearly Tadamitsu," another with Kurozaemon, the circumstance of two Tadamitsu smiths signing a single blade together called particularly intriguing. One Entoku 2 even records that he forged on assignment at Iioka-go in Sakushu, a smith working across the provincial border in Mimasaka.

For the collector he is an unusually knowable name, and an attainable one. Fujishiro grades him Jo-jo . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his standing rests instead on twenty-two blades on record in the tier, spanning , , , and omi- and a wide span of dated years, with three signed preserved in the Imperial collection and one cut with a Yamano Nagahisa gold-inlaid cutting-test inscription. Provenance is recorded for only a handful, among them the Imperial Household and the named owners Ide Tokuichi and the commissioner Watanabe Shinzaemon. Because so few of his blades carry locked designations, a signed and dated Tadamitsu is among the more findable of the great names; one comes to market from time to time, and a example, almost always signed and very often dated to the year, is a document of late at the height of its craft, a sword whose maker and month can be read directly off the tang.

Kantei

one Sue-Bizen Osafune hand seen in two tempers: the suguha register that is his renowned specialty, a bright chu-suguha / hiro-suguha over a clean ko-itame; the orthogonal Bizen midareba of open-waisted gunome with choji and a midare-utsuri on the showiest; carried across the late-Muromachi katate-uchi uchigatana, the spears the sources prize, and the gassaku with other Tadamitsu smiths

Tadamitsu is, with Katsumitsu and Munemitsu, one of the representative names of the late- forges called , a name the signature compendia carry across many generations from the late down through Eiroku and Tensho. The widely known Tadamitsu is the smith bearing the common name Hikobee-jo, working in the Bunmei through Meio years (1469-1501), whose dated and signed , , and spears make up almost the whole record. What the published sources name as his individuality is that within he is especially the master of : a well-packed ground with and , the called exceptionally clean, over which he tempers a bright, tight- or worked with small and , the straight into a . His other hand is the inherently , an open-waisted mixed with and small , and entering freely, on the showiest of which a rises and the sources say he does not fall behind Katsumitsu or Munemitsu. He works the compact late- katate-uchi with and a short tang, with devotional , and the shrine name carved on both faces, and is also counted, beside Norimitsu, among the rare makers of fine spears. Several blades are joint works with other Tadamitsu smiths, Hikosaburo and Kurozaemon, and one in Entoku 2 was forged on assignment at Iioka-go in Sakushu.

Diagnostic discriminators

43% of his works · 4.3× vs Sue-Bizen at large (gunome-midare dominant)

Observation by phase

The suguha register (his renowned specialty)

The published sources single Tadamitsu out, within , as the established master of , and this is his recognized prime. The shape is the canonical late- katate-uchi , somewhat compact in length with a thick and , the planed down so the stands high, the tang short and made for one-handed draw-cutting. The ground is a well-packed with and , in places a little standing, a the sources call exceptionally clean. Over it he tempers a , at times a or broad shallowly , the tight and bright, adhering, small and entering, with and a little . The runs straight into a , at times tempered down rather long. On both faces are the devotional carvings of , a grass , , and the shrine name . The Bunmei, Entoku and Meio dated pieces with the Hikobee name are read as his representative works, and the sources hold the clean and bright to be the work of a superior hand.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The Bizen midareba (open-waisted gunome with choji)

Orthogonal to the is the inherently , which the published sources say Tadamitsu also excelled at, equal in skill to Katsumitsu and Munemitsu. Over an , at times mixed with and standing a little, with , he tempers an open-waisted mixed with small and , and entering frequently, adhering, with and , and on a few pieces . The runs to a or a pointed tendency. On the most flamboyant of these a rises in the , the high curvature and elegant giving the showy effect the sources call superior workmanship, the bright and clear. The earliest dated pieces of this manner reach toward Oei- in feeling; the bulk are the Sengoku-period made for the field.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The spears and the gassaku (Hikosaburo, Kurozaemon)

A distinct part of Tadamitsu's record is his polearms and his joint works. The published sources note that fine spears of the period are scarce, and that among makers comparatively good pieces are seen in Norimitsu and Tadamitsu. His and omi- are in section over an that flows and stands a little, with and , a rising on the best, the temper an open-waisted or mixed with and , and entering, the to a small round, with a or carved on the flat. He also signs blades jointly with other smiths bearing the Tadamitsu name: a Bunmei 18 with Hikosaburo, called a typical and representative work whose personal name is clearly Tadamitsu, and a Bunmei 3 with Kurozaemon, the circumstance of two Tadamitsu smiths jointly signing one blade called particularly intriguing. One Entoku 2 records that he forged at Iioka-go in Sakushu, a smith working in Mimasaka.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The signature compendia record many smiths using the name Tadamitsu, placing a first generation as early as the Shoo era and counting eight generations down through Eiroku and Tensho, with a variety of common names: Hikobee-jo, Shuri-no-suke, Kurozaemon, Hikosaburo and Heiemon-jo. The most celebrated is the Hikobee-jo, working in Bunmei, Entoku and Meio, who is held the most accomplished and especially adept at suguha; the relationship between the Hikobee line and the Bunmei-dated Shuri-no-suke is recorded as unclear, the latter treated as a sixth generation.

Several blades are joint works with other smiths bearing the Tadamitsu name. A Bunmei 18 uchigatana signed with Hikosaburo is read as a typical and representative Sue-Bizen work whose personal name is clearly Tadamitsu, and a Bunmei 3 katana with Kurozaemon is called particularly intriguing for the circumstance of two Tadamitsu smiths jointly signing one blade. One Entoku 2 katana records that the Hikobee Tadamitsu forged on assignment at Iioka-go in Sakushu, an instance of a Bizen smith working in Mimasaka.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu2
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken22

Elite Standing

0.10 across 25 designated works

Top 18% among smiths

Provenance

4 documented provenances across certified works by Tadamitsu

Provenance Standing

2 works held in elite collections across 4 documented provenances

Top 68% among smiths

Raw score: 1.92 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 25 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 25 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Tadamitsu
Students (11)
  1. 1.Hikosaburo彦三郎
  2. 2.Tadamitsu忠光
  3. 3.Tadamitsu忠光
  4. 4.Tadamitsu忠光
  5. 5.Tadamitsu忠光
  6. 6.Tadamitsu忠光1 for sale
  7. 7.Tadamitsu忠光
  8. 8.Tadamitsu忠光
  9. 9.Tadamitsu忠光
  10. 10.Tadamitsu忠光1designated
  11. 11.Tadamitsu忠光

Osafune School

Other artisans of the Osafune school

  1. 1.Mitsutada光忠61designated
  2. 2.Nagamitsu長光2 for sale253designated
  3. 3.Kagemitsu景光1 for sale146designated
  4. 4.Kanemitsu兼光4 for sale237designated
  5. 5.Sanenaga眞長64designated
  6. 6.Chikakage近景4 for sale86designated
  7. 7.Tomomitsu倫光1 for sale64designated
  8. 8.Kagemasa景政2 for sale22designated
  9. 9.Masamitsu政光4 for sale84designated
  10. 10.Motomitsu基光3 for sale41designated
  11. 11.Kagehide景秀23designated
  12. 12.Yoshimitsu義光35designated