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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Bungo
  3. Ko-Bungo
  4. Sadahide

Ko-Bungo Sadahide

定秀

Jūyō
Vol. 12, No. 259 · Tantō

Ko-Bungo Sadahide

定秀

5 ranked works

ProvinceBungoEraEiryaku (1160–1161)PeriodHeianSchoolBungo>Ko-BungoTraditionWakimonoFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan2,500(top 1%)TypeSwordsmithCodeSAD15
3Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Sadahide worked in Bungo Province at the turn of the and periods, and the published sources record him as a monk of Mount Hiko, the old religious mountain of Kyushu. They place him at the root of the Bungo tradition beside its founding figure, Yukihira, though they cannot settle which of the two came first: "Sadahide was a monk of Hikosan, said to be either the teacher or the disciple of Yukihira" (定秀は彦山の僧で行平の師とも弟子ともいう). No dated blade survives to fix him in time. What survives instead is a small group of signed inscribed Bungo no so Sadahide, and the form of those blades does the dating: slender, with a high -zori and clear , the point sinking a little to a , an archaic and elegant shape that, in the words of the 70th commentary, does not descend below the early .

His hand is read first in the calm of the temper. Over the whole of his signed work runs a narrow carrying a shallow , into which he mixes a quiet rather than the showy clove-flower of contemporary . The tell of that edge is its , which the published sources describe again and again as softly clouded, , never bright and clear; the appraisal of his puts it that the temper is -toned with small irregularities, the "moist and softened" (匂口がうるんで). Thick gathers along it, and -like crescents, a faint , fine and work through the edge without ever crowding it. The runs straight to a on one face and turns in a small on the other, often with . It is, as the commentary on the signed ko- has it, the "gentle, restrained charm of a Kyushu work" (九州物らしい穏やかな魅力).

The carries the archaic register. He forges an that flows toward and stands a little, well refined in the manner the sources liken to Yukihira's own, with adhering and fine entering. Over it the steel takes a whitish, cast rather than the bright of ; the prewar Bijutsuhin note only an -like effect on the . Taken together, the flowing whitish and the -laden, clouded are exactly what the 70th entry calls the "characteristic and of the Kyushu classical group" (九州古典派の地刃の特徴が表れている), and they are the surest way his work is told from the brighter classical hands of and Yamashiro.

There are two faces to his record. The first is the signed and ko- just described, the recognized prime of his hand. The second is the in with that Mitsutsune appraised as Sadahide in 1678, issuing a thirty-sheet and cutting the name in vermilion. On that blade the is in nothing different from his usual, but the turns especially exuberantly in the upper half, an effect, the commentary states plainly, "not seen in Yukihira" (行平には見られない出来である). The carries a raised-relief and the a , carvings of a kind also found on Yukihira. Mitsutsune judged the blade an early Bungo work and, precisely because it showed a workmanship Yukihira does not, named it Sadahide, a judgment the published sources call admirable.

What sets Sadahide apart within his own circle is named in the sources themselves. He is held close to Yukihira in his and his -laden , yet distinguished from him by that upper-blade and by the scale and manner of his signature, which the judges admit is itself unsettled: "the signatures of Sadahide seen to date are not uniform, and there is room for study as to which should be taken as typical" (経眼した定秀の銘振りは一律ではなく). One cuts the character katsu together with cherry blossoms, a motif also seen on Yukihira, while a carved katsu is otherwise known on Ohara Sanemori of old Hoki, so the connoisseurship places him squarely among the classical hands of the western provinces. He stands before the flowering of Bungo into its later, more numerous schools, one of the quiet early roots of swordmaking on the southern island.

For the collector he is a rare and early name. Fujishiro grades him Jo-jo . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties on record; his standing rests instead on the prewar Bijutsuhin designations of three signed and on two modern blades, the signed ko- of the 70th session and the -appraised of the 12th. The published commentary makes the point that, signed Sadahide being so few, "the very signature of Sadahide, of which in- examples are extremely scarce, is exceptionally valuable" (在銘品が極めて少ない定秀の銘字も非常に貴重). His blades are documents as much as swords. One of the Bijutsuhin is transmitted as a piece "received by Mori Hidechika, the first Mori lord, from Emperor Go-Mizunoo" (毛利家初代秀就が後水尾天皇より拝領したものと伝える), and the Mori house and the Tokyo collector Takenaka Jiro appear among his recorded owners; of present whereabouts the record names the Kyushu National Museum, Iyo Inari Jinja and Itsukushima Jinja. A signed Sadahide comes to light only seldom, and a privately held example would be among the rarer things a collector of early Kyushu work could hope to encounter, valued less for availability than for the document it carries of how the Bungo tradition began.

Kantei

two faces of one Ko-Bungo hand: the ubu signed tachi and ko-tachi in a calm, nie-laden suguha-ko-midare with an urumi nioiguchi over a flowing whitish itame, the Kyushu classical manner close to Yukihira, set against the o-suriage mumei tanto appraised as Sadahide whose upper hamon turns exuberantly midare beyond Yukihira's range

Sadahide is a Ko-Bungo smith of the late to early period, recorded as a monk of Mount Hiko (Hikosan) in Bungo Province and tied in tradition to Yukihira, whom the published sources call variously his teacher or his disciple. His recognized work is the , signed and ko-, slender with a high -zori and clear , an archaic shape that does not descend beyond the early . Over a well-forged that flows toward , with , and a whitish -like ground, he sets a narrow -toned temper mixed with , the softly clouded (), thick with and carrying , , fine and . This calm, -laden with its is the Kyushu classical tell, his hand read as close to Yukihira's. The other face of his record is the that Mitsutsune appraised as Sadahide by vermilion inscription, its exuberantly in the upper half in a manner the sources say is not seen in Yukihira. Signed Sadahide blades are extremely few, so each surviving signature carries high documentary value.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Bizen/Yamashiro bright suguha (clear nioiguchi)

unique vs Bizen midare-utsuri (bright reflection)

Observation by phase

The ubu signed tachi and ko-tachi (his recognized prime)

His finest record is the , signed and ko-, kept in their original form: slender, with a high -zori and clear , the tip tending to a slight fushizori and finishing in a , an archaic and elegant shape that does not descend beyond the early . The is that flows toward , well forged and refined like Yukihira's, with , fine and a steel that takes a whitish, -like cast. Over it the temper is a narrow carrying a shallow , mixed with , the softly clouded () and thick with ; -like strokes, , and fine and run through the edge. The runs straight to a on one face and to a small on the other, at times with . The published sources read this -laden with its as the gentle, restrained charm of the Kyushu classical group, his hand close to Yukihira; signed Sadahide are so few that the signature itself is held exceptionally valuable.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The o-suriage mumei tanto (Hon'ami Mitsutsune shu-mei attribution)

The other face of his record is the with an that Mitsutsune appraised as Sadahide in Enpo 6 (1678), issuing thirty-sheet and applying a vermilion inscription. It is with and only slight curvature. The is mixed with , the grain standing, with and . The is a small mixed with large, vigorous , deep in with abundant , and running frequently; the is slightly to a with . On the , within a , is a raised-relief , and on the a . The published sources note that the is in nothing different from his usual, but the turns especially exuberantly in the upper half, an effect not seen in Yukihira, and that Mitsutsune judged it an early Bungo work precisely because it exhibits a workmanship Yukihira does not.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record that Sadahide's manner of signature is not uniform among extant examples, leaving open which form should be regarded as typical, and that the three Jubi tachi were selected from among those difficult to reject. They place him at Hikosan in Bungo and transmit his relationship to Yukihira inconsistently, as teacher in some accounts and disciple in others, while noting that no dated example survives.

On the mumei tanto the published sources explain that Hon'ami Mitsutsune judged it an early Bungo work and, precisely because it shows a workmanship not found in Yukihira (the upper half turning especially exuberantly midare), conclusively identified it as Sadahide, an admirable judgment; the omote Kurikara raised relief and the carvings are themselves seen in Yukihira.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin3
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken2

Elite Standing

0.12 across 5 designated works

Top 16% among smiths

Provenance

2 documented provenances across certified works by Sadahide

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 2 documented provenances

Top 71% among smiths

Raw score: 1.89 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 5 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 5 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Sadahide
Student
  1. 1.Yukihira行平38designated

Ko-Bungo School

Other artisans of the Ko-Bungo school

  1. 1.Yukihira行平38designated
  2. 2.Masatsune正恒1designated