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Owari Masatsune

政常

Jūyō
Vol. 24, No. 400 · Naginata

Owari Masatsune

政常

20 ranked works

ProvinceOwariEraTenshō–Kan'ei (相模守 rec. 1591, act. to early Edo)PeriodEdoSchoolOwari MasatsuneTraditionMino-denGeneration3rdTeacher初銘 兼常 (Kanetsune, Seki/Mino tradition)FujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan550(top 23%)TypeSwordsmithCodeMAS1668
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Gyobutsu
17Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Masatsune was born at Nodo in Province and first signed Kanetsune, a smith of the Seki tradition who carried that root into the new swords of Owari. The published sources follow his career in unusual detail. In Eiroku 10 he set up an independent branch and moved to Komaki village, changing his name to Masatsune around that time; in Tensho 19 he received the court title no Kami; in Keicho 5 he followed Matsudaira to Kiyosu, and he became a retained smith of the Owari Tokugawa house. In Keicho 12 he took the tonsure and retired, passing the name no Kami Masatsune to his son, but when the second generation died suddenly two years later he returned to the forge, and from that time he signed Masatsune Nyudo. He died in Genna 5 at the age of eighty-four. In later generations he was counted among the Owari Sansaku, the three founding smiths of Owari , beside Hoki no Kami Nobutaka and Hida no Kami Ujifusa.

His recognized hand is the bright straight temper of his and , the form in which his surviving work is most numerous. Over a tightly forged mixed with , the steel flows toward and carries thick , with fine entering and, on several pieces, a -like feature rising diagonally from below the . The temper is a , at times a wide , laid in , into which small enter with . What separates his from a plain Seki straight temper is the worked : it frays into , with , and mixed in and fine running through, while the stays bright. The published commentary calls one such a thoroughly characteristic example, with 「相模守政常の典型的な直刃の作例」 (a typical example of no Kami Masatsune's ).

The is the constant beneath both of his manners. It is an that overall tends toward , with attached and, on the better , standing out and the steel reading bright. Where the forging tightens into mixed with the impression is of strength, and the published sources single out the diagonal at the and the abundant as the marks of his sound forging. On the the grain at times stands a little, with the upper half flowing toward the , and the carvings he favours, a or above the with on the reverse, are described as crisp and well harmonised with the blade.

His second manner is the Owari-Seki wet temper, carried on his , and . Over an that flows into with , he tempers a wide tone or a shallow base with and small mixed in, and entering, the sometimes coarse and gathered in clusters, and seen, and the tending to a subdued . The published sources name this directly: on his large Keicho-form they read 「尾張関得意の濡れ刃」 (the wet temper for which the Owari-Seki smiths are noted). His and are large and dignified, the at times pointed and Jizo-like; the sources credit him as 「短刀、薙刀の名手として名高い」 (famed as an outstanding maker of and ), while noting that the very finest among the are few.

What sets him apart within Owari is exactly what the judges name. His hand, with its fraying , bright and -flowing , is the constant by which his are known, and his wet temper marks the -into-Owari Seki descent that the other Owari founders share. On one that departs from his usual restraint, bolder in temper and brighter in with an antique flavour in the , the published sources judge that he was reaching higher still, 「相州上工、就中貞宗や信国あたりを狙ったものであろうか」 (aiming, it would seem, at the superior craftsmen, especially such masters as Sadamune and ), and call the result 「同作中出色の一口」 (an outstanding example among his works). His line continued through the second-generation no Kami Fujiwara Masatsune, an adopted son and son of Gifu Daido, whose signed and survive in the record.

For the collector, Masatsune is a well-documented founder of an Owari line rather than a rare ghost. Fujishiro grades him Jo . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through the modern rank, with seventeen blades in the and tiers, and two further pieces designated in the prewar Bijutsuhin, among them a that passed through the Tokugawa Iesato collection and is now held by the Tokugawa Reimeikai Foundation. Provenance touches the and court houses, with recorded to the Tokugawa family and the Imperial family, and one blade preserved at Akihasan Hongu Akiha Shrine. Because the published sources are agreed that 「刀及び鎬造の脇指は極めて少ない」 ( and are extremely few), a signed is the scarce thing, valued as material for the study of the smith himself; his , , and come to the serious collector from time to time, and a signed Owari Masatsune of his own hand, not the second generation, remains a satisfying and reachable document of how Owari began.

Kantei

two manners of one Mino-into-Owari shinto hand: the bright suguha prime on hira-zukuri tanto and wakizashi, the habuchi worked into hotsure, nijuba and kuichigai-ba over a masame-leaning ji-nie jigane, set against the Owari-Seki wet temper, a shallow nure on a notare-gunome base with togariba and a subdued nioiguchi, carried on his katana, naginata and yari

Masatsune is the founder of the Owari Masatsune line, a Mino-born smith who carried the Seki tradition into the new Owari shinto of the Momoyama-to-early-Edo transition. Born at Nodo in Mino, he first signed Kanetsune; he took the name Masatsune, received the court title Sagami no Kami in Tensho 19, moved with Matsudaira Tadayoshi to Kiyosu, and became a retained smith of the Owari Tokugawa, counted in later generations among the Owari Sansaku alongside Nobutaka and Ujifusa. The published sources are consistent that his extant work runs heavily to hira-zukuri wakizashi, tanto, yari and naginata while katana and shinogi-zukuri wakizashi are extremely few. His recognized prime is the suguha hand: a tightly forged itame tending to masame with abundant ji-nie, over a chu-suguha or wide suguha laid in ko-nie, the habuchi fraying into hotsure, nijuba, kuichigai-ba and uchinoke with fine sunagashi, the nioiguchi bright, the boshi straight to a ko-maru with hakikake. His other manner is the Owari-Seki wet temper, a shallow nure on a notare-gunome base with togariba, masame-flowing jigane and a subdued nioiguchi, the manner the sources name as the speciality of the Owari-Seki smiths. After retiring he resumed forging on the sudden death of his second-generation son and from that time used the priestly signature Masatsune Nyudo.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs general shinto baseline

unique vs the plain habuchi

unique vs his katana (no devotional carving)

Observation by phase

The bright suguha hand (his recognized prime)

His best-regarded work is the straight temper on hira-zukuri tanto and wakizashi, the form in which his extant pieces are most numerous. The jigane is a tightly packed ko-itame mixed with mokume, tending to flow into masame, with ji-nie attached thickly and fine chikei entering; on several pieces a mizukage-like feature rises diagonally from below the machi and the steel is bright. Over it he tempers a chu-suguha, at times a wide suguha, in ko-nie-deki, into which small gunome enter, with ko-ashi, the habuchi fraying into hotsure, with nijuba, kuichigai-ba and uchinoke mixed in and fine sunagashi running through, the nioiguchi bright. The boshi runs straight to a ko-maru with hakikake at the tip, sometimes returning long. At the koshimoto he carves a suken, gomabashi and bonji. The published sources call this the characteristic manner of his suguha work and one Jubi-era piece a typical, well-made example.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The Owari-Seki wet temper (katana, naginata, yari)

On his katana, naginata and yari Masatsune carries the manner the published sources name as the speciality of the Owari-Seki smiths, a wet temper. Over an itame that flows overall into masame with ji-nie, the temper is a wide suguha tone or a notare-gunome base laid with a shallow nure, togariba and ko-gunome mixed in, ashi and yo entering, the nie sometimes coarse and clustered, kinsuji and sunagashi seen, and the nioiguchi tending to a subdued shizumi. The boshi runs in notare-komi or straight to a ko-maru, on his naginata at times pointed and Jizo-like. His naginata and yari are large and dignified, the published sources crediting him as skilled in both, while noting that the very highest pieces among them are few. This is the manner in which the Mino-into-Owari Seki descent is most visible in his work.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record his career in detail: born at Nodo in Mino, first signing Kanetsune, establishing an independent branch and moving to Komaki in Eiroku 10, receiving the title Sagami no Kami in Tensho 19, following Matsudaira Tadayoshi to Kiyosu in Keicho 5, and retiring in Keicho 12. When the second generation died suddenly two years later, he returned to active forging and from that time used the priestly signature Masatsune Nyudo, dying in Genna 5 at the age of eighty-four.

On one outstanding wakizashi the published sources read a bolder, brighter departure from his usual manner, with antique flavour in the jigane, and judge that he was aiming at the superior Soshu craftsmen, especially such masters as Sadamune and Nobukuni, taking old work as a model while revealing his own characteristics, an outstanding example among his works.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken17

Elite Standing

0.12 across 20 designated works

Top 16% among smiths

Provenance

4 documented provenances across certified works by Masatsune

Provenance Standing

2 works held in elite collections across 4 documented provenances

Top 52% among smiths

Raw score: 1.97 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 20 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 20 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Masatsune
Students (2)
  1. 1.Masatsune政常
  2. 2.Masatsune政常

Owari Masatsune School

Other artisans of the Owari Masatsune school

  1. 1.Kanetsune兼常1 for sale1designated