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Ichinomiya Nagatsune

長常

Jūyō
Vol. 60, No. 164 · Menuki

Ichinomiya Nagatsune

長常

36 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraKyoho-An'ei (c.1720–1780)SchoolIchinomiyaTraditionMachiboriGeneration1st (founder)TeacherYasui Takanaga (安井高長, Goto lineage)TypeTosogu MakerCodeICH001
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
35Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Ichinomiya Nagatsune was born in Kyoho 6 (1721) at Tsuruga in Province, where he was known by the name Kashiwaya Chuhachi. He began his career as a mekkinshi (gilder) before travelling to Kyoto, where he entered the atelier of Yasui Takanaga, a craftsman of Goto lineage. In his early period he signed "Setsuzan" or "Yukiyama," later adopting the name "Nagatsune" and the art name Ganshoshi. Crucially, he also studied painting under Ishida Yutei, who was the teacher of Maruyama Okyo -- a formation that would profoundly shape his powers of observation from life. At the age of fifty he received the court title Daijo. He died at sixty-six in Tenmei 6 (1786). Together with Tetsugendo Shoraku and Otsuki Mitsuoki, he was lauded as one of the "Three Great Masters of Kyoto metalwork," and his standing was further encapsulated in the celebrated saying, "Somin in the East, Nagatsune in the West."

Although Nagatsune was highly skilled at Goto-style (high-relief carving), it was through - (flat inlay) combined with (single-chisel engraving) that he achieved his distinctive manner and lasting fame. On polished or grounds, he deployed modulated chisel strokes of varying depth and intensity, from forceful outlines to the finest facial details and textile patterns, producing compositions described by the as possessing "outstanding pictorial power" developed through his study of Maruyama-school painting. His is characterized by "modulated strengths and rhythmic inflections" and "supple chisel-work," while his inlay marshals gold, silver, , , and with what the examiners term "precise, well-judged" placement. In sculptural works such as , he drove the chisel along every surface to achieve fully three-dimensional expression -- rendering subjects "as if alive" with "animated movement." His favored subjects ranged widely from nature studies (turtles, toads, snails, chickens, monkeys) to Chinese literary figures (Guan Yu, Huang Shigong and Zhang Liang, Ma Shi-huang) and genre scenes (cormorant fishermen, Bon festival dancers, agricultural labourers at rest). A hallmark of his compositional intelligence was the extension of designs onto the reverse plate, prompting the viewer to "imagine and anticipate the scene continuing" -- a device the has repeatedly singled out as "truly superb." He also innovated freely within the format, sometimes varying the ground metal between and in chuya- ("day-and-night") pairings, or between solid gold and to differentiate the paired pieces.

Across the body of designated works, the returns with striking consistency to several core evaluations: that Nagatsune's pieces "fully reveal the stature" of a master craftsman; that they demonstrate "outstanding powers of close observation and the assured chiseling skill by which he gives them form"; and that they present, "in every respect, the distinctive world of Nagatsune." His ability to render subjects with penetrating realism -- whether the "distinctive tactile quality of the snail's skin," the "palpable, tense atmosphere" of toads about to strike, or the "flowing elegance" of a standing Guan Yu -- is repeatedly attributed to the pictorial training he received in the Maruyama school. Works such as the Four Divine Symbols , inscribed "Carved in leisure," reveal an artist whose painstaking private productions matched the virtuosity of his commissioned output. That the consistently invokes his honorific comparison with Somin and his place among the Three Great Masters of Kyoto metalwork testifies to the enduring assessment of Ichinomiya Nagatsune as a figure of the first rank within the -period chokin tradition.

Kantei

3 descriptive axes: material (grounds and metals) x technique (carving and inlay) x themes (his naturalist shasei register set against the formal okite-mono repertoire he also worked); plus his signature chronology Setsuzan to Nagatsune to the Echizen-daijo rank. The fame-bearing hand is the painterly katakiri-bori line combined with flush hira-zogan.

Ichinomiya Nagatsune is a leading Kyoto (town-carving) metalwork artist of the mid- period, ranked one of the Three Masters of Kyoto kinko alongside Otsuki Mitsuoki and Tetsugendo Shoraku, and so esteemed that the records pair him with Yokoya Somin as 'Somin in the East, Nagatsune in the West'. Born in 1721 at Tsuruga in and first a gilder (mekki-shi) under the common name Kashiwaya Chuhachi, he went up to Kyoto and studied under Yasui Takanaga of the Goto line, signing first Setsuzan, later Nagatsune, with the go Ganshoshi. He also studied painting under Ishida Yutei, the teacher of Maruyama Okyo, and built a reputation as a painter in his own right. His distinguishing marks are not the Goto-derived he also commanded but the painterly katakiri-bori line and the flush - inlay for which he became famous, and the drawing-from-life (shasei) naturalism, above all of animals, carried over from his painting study. In 1770, aged 50, he received the honorary title -daijo (later -no-kami); he died in 1786, aged 66.

Diagnostic discriminators

the painterly single-edged katakiri-bori line, foreign to the formal Goto ie-bori he was also trained in; the setsumei make it (with hira-zogan) the technique that made his name (平象嵌に片切彫で名を馳せ)

the flush colour-metal inlay the records pair with katakiri-bori as his fame-bearing hand; the chisel bites even over the inlaid metals, outside the house's relief-and-iro-e focus

drawing-from-life, above all of animals, carried over from his painting study under Ishida Yutei; the records call its sureness evident in his surviving paintings and design-books, and absent from the formal house repertoire

Material

His grounds range widely across the soft-metal palette: a polished ground ( ) for his painterly small pieces, and , solid gold () , refined copper, and even brass with a corroded surface. He freely changes the ground between the front and back of a pair, and works a day-and-night (chuya) ground pairing with .

Technique

He commanded the Goto-derived relief, and fully-modelled , but the records say it was the flush - inlay combined with katakiri-bori that made his name. His katakiri-bori is a brush-line of deep-and-shallow freedom, the chisel biting even over the inlaid colour-metals; fine (often katakiri-) details the rest, and a design is carried across the onto the of a .

Themes

Two manners coexist across his work: the formal okite-mono creatures (dragon, lion, tiger) he could carve in the Goto manner, and his own naturalist shasei drawn from life, above all animals (tigers, monkeys, a toad, a snail, fowl, a tortoise) and figural and literary subjects (Chinese worthies, genre and festival scenes). The animal pieces in particular show the drawing-from-life he carried over from painting study.

Naturalist shasei (drawing from life)

Animals caught in a moment of movement and figural and literary subjects, drawn from life with the painter's eye and rendered in katakiri-bori and -. The records repeatedly credit his sure shasei, evident in his surviving paintings and design-books.

Formal okite-mono creaturesless firmly established

Dragon, lion and tiger in the formal repertoire, which he could carve in the Goto-derived ; but the records note that even his dragon departs from the house Goto dragon in its free, unconventional composition.

Full iconography

Signature chronology

Placement
Recorded signatures

Documentary note

His signature chronology dates and authenticates the work: the early name Setsuzan (called his maemei / wakamei), then Nagatsune (often with the go Ganshoshi), and from the -daijo rank received in 1770 (age 50) the ranked signatures -daijo Nagatsune and -daijo Minamoto Nagatsune (the rank is also written with the variant character for daijo). On paired the signature is split across the two pieces. Genuine Nagatsune are noted as very few. His honorary rank was -daijo, later -no-kami; he held no Hokyo rank.

Scholarship

He studied painting under Ishida Yutei, the teacher of Maruyama Okyo, and was accomplished as a painter; the records hold his sure shasei to be evident in his surviving paintings and design-books.

His fame rests, the records say, on flush hira-zogan combined with katakiri-bori, the painterly hand that distinguishes him from the takabori-and-iro-e of the house tradition he also commanded.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken35

Elite Standing

0.14 across 36 designated works

Top 9% among makers

Provenance

3 documented provenances across certified works by Nagatsune

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 3 documented provenances

Top 73% among makers

Raw score: 1.89 / 10

Work Types

Distribution across 36 ranked works

Menuki
1234%
Kozuka
1029%
Tsuba
926%
Fuchi-Kashira
26%
Other
26%

Signatures

Signature types across 36 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Nagatsune
Students (3)
  1. 1.Nagatsune長常
  2. 2.Nagamitsu長光1designated
  3. 3.Kozan高山

Ichinomiya School

Other artisans of the Ichinomiya school

  1. 1.Nagamitsu長光1designated

Nagatsune

Nagatsune(長常) was a maker of Japanese sword fittings (tōsōgu) of the Ichinomiya school in Yamashiro province, active during the Kyoho-An'ei (c.1720-1780) period.

The work follows the Machibori tradition.

Designated works by Nagatsune include 35 Jūyō.